Information about the ancient city of Pereslavl. Pereslavl-Zalessky

“There is a lost world in Russia,
That lives not for words, not for glory,
What is lost, like Kitezh, by people -
This is a city in the forests - Pereslavl.
(Natalya Martishina)

Pereslavl-Zalessky is an ancient Russian city located in the very center of Russia, 140 km. from Moscow. This is the second after Sergiev Posad tourist point of the Golden Ring on the Moscow-Kholmogory federal highway leading from the capital to the White Sea. Pereslavl and its environs keep many wonderful monuments of antiquity of the XII-XIX centuries and "places of memory" associated with important historical events and famous personalities.

I love this cute cozy town so much that in my own ranking of the ancient cities of Russia, it is firmly in the top three, and perhaps even takes first place in it. It pulls here again and again, and especially pulls when you just left it.

Entering Pereslavl, 4 km. from the city limits, we see the chapel "Cross" (Fedorovskaya). At this very place in the 16th century, while on a trip to the holy places, the wife of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarina Anastasia Romanova, gave birth to Tsarevich Fedor. Fedor became the last king of the fading Rurik dynasty. In honor of his birth, Ivan the Terrible ordered a thank-you cross, which was later replaced by a stone chapel.

By the way, there were three Pereslavl in Rus'. "To win glory" meant - "to win". Back in Kievan Rus in the 10th century, a certain youth defeated the Pecheneg hero in single combat, "took over his glory", and in honor of this feat the city of Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny, now the city of Khmelnitsky, was founded. In 1095, the second Pereyaslavl, Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, arose, now this city is called Ryazan. And only the third Pereyaslavl, after the letter "I" dropped out of the name of the city in the 15th century, is our Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is the same age as Moscow. It was founded by Prince Yury Dolgoruky in 1152 in Zalesye, an area separated from the southern Russian steppes by dense forests. Under Dolgoruky and his immediate descendants, Pereslavl was a powerful fortress that closed the capital cities of Vladimir and Suzdal from the Volga Bulgars and the Smolensk and Novgorod rats during the princely strife.

The city experienced its dawn in the 13th century, when it turned out to be the center of a specific principality. The first Prince of Pereslavl was Yaroslav, the son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. Under him, the city turned into a major political and cultural center of North-Eastern Rus'. Below we see a defensive earthen rampart that surrounded the city center.

Yaroslav's son Alexander Nevsky became famous for his victories over the Swedes on the Neva River in 1240 and over the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipus (Battle on the Ice). In the 16th century, he was canonized as a common Russian saint. His son Dmitry in 1276 became the Grand Duke of Vladimir and made Pereslavl the actual capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal land.

His son Ivan Dmitrievich was the last prince of Pereslavl. He died childless in 1302, and his inheritance went to his uncle, the son of Alexander Nevsky Daniel, the first Moscow prince, after whom Moscow gradually became the main princely center. But in order to keep Pereslavl in their power, the Moscow princes were forced to accept the title of Prince of Pereslavsky for another 160 years. This ritual disappeared only after Dmitry Donskoy.

During the period of the Tatar yoke, Pereslavl was completely ruined and burned to the ground six times. In 1374, an important event took place in the city that preceded the Battle of Kulikovo - a congress of Russian princes took place here, the reason for which was the baptism of Dmitry Donskoy's son Yuri. The ceremony was conducted by the Abbot of the Russian Land - St. Sergius of Radonezh. At this congress, an important decision was made to fight the Mongols.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, Pereslavl became a major craft and trade center of Muscovite Rus'. The sovereign's falconers and fishermen played a special role. The fishermen who delivered their catch to the Moscow Kremlin lived along the banks of the mouth of the Trubezh River. This place in the city is still called Rybnaya Sloboda. We see the mouth of the river in the photo below.

The Pereslavl great road that crossed the city in two was called Yamskaya in pre-Petrine Russia. The largest settlement of coachmen here was called Yam, and consisted of about 70 households. We see this road in the very center of the city in the photo.

Here, on hunting and pilgrimage, Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible repeatedly visited. After the ruin of the Time of Troubles, the city was almost entirely rebuilt. At the end of the 17th century, Pereslavl was destined to become the cradle of the Russian navy. Young Peter I built his first, "amusing" flotilla here.

It is best to start acquaintance with the city from the place where it originated, from Red Square (formerly Cathedral Square), with its city ramparts, the Transfiguration Cathedral of the 12th century and other ancient monuments. Pereslavl-Zalessky was founded on a cape formed by the Trubezh River and the Murmash River. From the south and west, the city skirted the artificial ditch Groblya.

Pereslavl was the largest of the fortresses built by Yuri Dolgoruky. Only later it was surpassed by the fortifications of the new capital of North-Eastern Rus' - Vladimir. The earthen rampart of the 12th century, which has survived to this day, reaches a circumference of 2.5 km, its height is about 10, and its width is 6 m. Of course, we walked around its perimeter.

Near the ramparts rises the oldest temple of Pereslavl - the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1152-1157. This is the earliest surviving monument of pre-Mongolian Vladimir-Suzdal architecture.

This is a small, 21 meters high, fortress temple, intended for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress city. This is what determined its austere monumental appearance, with little or no decorative trim.

To the left of the cathedral, near the city rampart, in the 13th century stood the palace of the Pereslavl princes. According to legend, here, in 1220, the Russian national hero, Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky, was born. Now, presumably at this place, we see such a wooden structure.

But, alas, there is no exact data. The memorial plaque hangs not on a wooden house, but on a cathedral, and does not indicate the exact location. It can be understood that the great commander was probably born somewhere here, probably somewhere nearby, most likely nearby.

In 1958, in memory of the great countryman, a bronze bust of Alexander Nevsky by sculptor S.M. The bust and the cathedral are symbols of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Not far from the cathedral, on a place called the "sovereign's court" rises one of the most beautiful and oldest churches in the city - the hipped church of Peter the Metropolitan. It was built in honor of Peter, Metropolitan of Vladimir, who was accused by the Tver clergy of selling church positions. Peter was acquitted, became an associate of Ivan Kalita and was later canonized as a Russian saint. The shape of the temple resembles the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye in Moscow.

The surviving part of the architectural ensemble of the Vladimir-Sretensky Novodevichy Convent adjoins Red Square. Here we see two temples - Vladimirsky Cathedral and the Church of St. Alexander Nevsky.

The construction of twin temples similar in architecture is a tradition of the Yaroslavl school of architecture of the 17th-18th centuries. In the 1990s, divine services were restored in both churches.

From the monastery, some of the buildings of which were destroyed in the 1930s, a fragment of the fence remained. Now there is a small market selling all kinds of souvenirs.

Nearby there is a bridge over the Trubezh River, beyond which the old part of the city continues. We find ourselves on Rostovskaya Street, along which tomorrow morning we will go further, to Rostov the Great, and then even further - to our beloved city of Yaroslavl.

The city has several churches built in the "provincial baroque" style of the 18th century. They are characterized by red-brick walls and elaborate decoration of architraves and cornices. It is especially graceful at the Simeonovskaya Church, decorated with charming heads of cherubs. This church is located right next to the bridge.

And if you look into the courtyards, in front of which, unlike Moscow, there are no bars with combination locks, you can see typical Russia at the beginning of perestroika, which was so angry then, and which looks so exotic now.

The Trubezh River divides the city into two parts. Last year, the bridge over it was closed for repairs, and it was terribly inconvenient - in order to see another part of Pereslavl, we had to make a huge detour along the perimeter of the city in order to return almost to the same point at a distance of twenty meters, and spend almost hour.

One of the most picturesque corners of Pereslavl is the place where the Trubezh River flows into Lake Pleshcheyevo. At the very mouth, on a small promontory, there is another baroque church - the Church of the Forty Martyrs. In the summer, the temple is very beautifully reflected in the water surface.

To everyone who goes to Pereslavl, I strongly advise you to bypass the city center along an earthen rampart. From it everything is perfectly visible, and you will not miss the main sights. Only this should be done in dry weather, otherwise there is a risk of getting smeared, there is no asphalt or tiles on the shaft, and there are a lot of people upstairs.

Most of the houses in the old part of the city are wooden or semi-wooden. Living in them is probably bad, but admiring them from the outside is a pleasure. There are almost no migrant workers from the southern lands in the city, because the townspeople themselves willingly take on any job, and you cannot arrange air trade here, since the population simply does not have money.

More modern quarters of the city still look old. They are very nice, they do not at all correspond to the spirit of evil bustling megacities, and here you just relax your soul. Here, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, I suddenly had some kind of forgotten feeling, as if I was not surviving, but really living.

This city has an incredible number of museums, mostly small, domestic ones, but still I have never seen so many museums in such a small area. All of them are quite interesting. Here in this Museum of gramophones and records we were not. It is not located in the city itself, but on the shore of the lake, a few kilometers from the center.

The Radio Museum is nearby. We weren't in it either.

The Iron Museum is very interesting, in which irons are collected almost from the time of Yuri Dolgoruky to the present day. The museum is private and also very interesting, but we have not been to it either.

We just didn't time it. It never occurred to me that such a small town contains so many interesting things. We planned to study it in half a day and move further north, but those one and a half days of constant movement that we devoted to it were too little.

But still, we managed to go to the main museums of the city, and there will be separate topics about them. The most important is the Goritsky Monastery, which we pass on the way to the hotel. Perhaps this is the only museum in the city that cannot be missed.

And there is also the Dendrological Museum, there is the Berendey House, there are houses-museums of famous people ... And we have not been to them. But we visited the museum of the cradle of the Russian fleet "Peter's Boat", but about it in the next topic. We found it by accident, in such a bright restaurant literally opposite the museum, otherwise we would have passed by.

For the night we stayed at a hotel next to this museum of the same name on the very shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Some of the inconvenience of this hotel was fully paid off by the view of the lake. The hostess, looking at me and our car (Moscow rooms), said that a double room would cost 1800, but if we want personal amenities and a TV, then 2500. I agreed to the second.

Already in the room, when we tried to turn on the TV, we failed completely. On closer examination, I discovered the complete absence of any antenna whatsoever. To my angry question to the hostess, why the TV does not work, she reasonably answered, they say, but he never worked, but he is in the room, what claims? The shower was the same, the latest system, the water was not regulated, and I was first scalded and then stiff. But this is all nonsense compared to the views of Lake Pleshcheyevo.

I am a simple person, but sometimes I am drawn to lofty thoughts. All of us, people, are a small particle of God, His spark. In rare moments, in rare places, such places of the Force, we suddenly feel it, and we merge with the world, become its part, the hands of God on earth, and from the heart and from the palms it seems like a ray of such power beats that it is he who illuminates these clouds. There is no death, no pain and disease, nothing at all, except for This, of which we are a small part.

In the southern part of the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Pereslavl district.

The population is 40.9 thousand people (2013). Ras-po-lo-women on the southeastern shore of Lake Ple-shche-vo, in the place where it flows into the river Tru-bezh. Railway station (Group-so-community). Through-rez Pereyaslavl-Zalessky pro-ho-dit fe-de-ral-naya av-to-tras-sa "Hol-mo-go-ry" (Mo-sk-va - Yaro-slavl - Vo-lo-gda - Arkhangelsk).

The city of Pe-re-yas-lavl (from the 15th century Pereyaslavl-Zalessky), ve-ro-yat-no, os-no-van between 1100 and 1108 pe-re-yas-lav-sky (Pe -re-yas-lav-la Yuzh-no-go) by Prince Vla-di-mir-rum All-in-lo-do-vi-chem Mo-no-ma-hom on the eastern shore of Lake Ple- shche-vo (Kle-shchi-no) as one of the outposts on the borders of the Suz-dal-sko-go Opo-lya. For the first time, upo-mi-na-et-sya in Ti-po-count-sky le-to-pi-si under 1152, when Prince Yury Vla-di grew up-in-suz-dal-sky -mi-ro-vich Dol-go-ru-cue re-re-carried the city to the modern place and for-lo-lived a stone Spa-so-Pre-ob-ra-female Cathedral. On the left bank of the Tru-bezh river at the inflow of the Mur-mazh river into it - length about 2.35 km, height up to 10 m). Che-rez Pe-re-yas-lavl pro-ho-di-la the so-called Great Pe-re-yas-lav-sky road to Rostov and Yaroslavl. Since the 12th century, around the city, large-scale mo-on-sto-ri began to rise, the oldest of them is the Ni-kit-sky mo-on-stay. The center of Pe-re-yas-lav-sky prince-same-st-va (the last third of the 12th - the beginning of the 14th centuries). In Pe-re-yas-lav-le in 1190, Prince Yaroslav Vse-vo-lo-do-vich was born, and in 1221 his son, Prince Alexander Yaro-slavich Nev- sky. In 1194, at the order of the vla-di-mir-sky prince All-in-lo-yes Yur-e-vi-cha Big-shoe Nest-do on the row-not va-la voz-ve- de-on a new fortress. A major center of culture: in the 1st half of the 13th century, in the city-ro-de, there were le-to-pi-sa-nie, pa-myat-no-one-to-ro-go became “Le-to-pi-setz Pe-re-yas-lav-la-Suz-dal-sko-go”; ve-ro-yat-but, here on-pi-sa-but "Mo-le-nie" Yes-ni-la For-toch-no-ka. In 1238, during the mon-go-lo-ta-tar-sko-go on-she-st-via, and in 1252, ra-zo-ryon or-dyn-tsa-mi was also taken. In 1281, and also in 1293 (in the course of "Du-de-not-howl ra-ti"), the thunder-len si-la-mi of Prince An-d-rei Alek-san-d -ro-vi-cha and its co-yuz-ni-ka-mi or-dyn-tsa-mi. In 1294 he was co-burned by Prince Fe-do-rum Ros-ti-sla-vi-chem Cher-nym. In 1302, he was captured by the Moscow prince Da-nii-lom Alek-san-d-ro-vi-chem, until 1305 he was under the control of the Moscow princes. From the end of 1305, the city passed under the control of the Vla-di-Mir grand princes, from 1362, windows-cha-tel-but under the control of the Moscow princes. In the XIV-XV centuries, not-one-but-times-but from-yes-val-sya to feed the Lithuanian prince-pits and specific prince-pits of the Russian principalities, you went to serve in Moscow. For-hva-you-val-sya and ra-zo-ryal-sya or-dyn-tsa-mi in the ho-de Toh-ta-we-sha on-be-ga 1382 and Edi-gay on-be- ha 1408. In 1403, there was an update on the fortress.

In the XV-XVI centuries, it developed as a large-scale re-mess-len-ny (for example, in 1595, dey-st-vo-va-lo 38 forges) and tor-go-vo- pro-cape-lo-vy center (salt-making, commercial fishing-bo-fishing-st-in, hunting, etc.). An important center of prav-in-slav-via, here, not-one-but-times-but co-ver-sha-whether bo-go-moth-ho-ho-dy the great princes mo-s -kov-sky and Russian tsars: Vasily III Ivanovich (1510, 1516, 1525, 1528), Ivan IV Vasil-e-vich the Terrible (1552, 1555, 1556 years), Bo-ris Fe-do-ro-vich Go-du-nov (1598), Mi-ha-il Fe-do-ro-vich (Ro-manov) (1619, 1638), Fe -dor Alek-see-vich (1676, 1679). In the Time of Troubles in 1608, the city was occupied by the Polish-Lithuanian detachments of A.I. Li-sov-sko-go, yes-viv-she-go at the end of the year, the resurrection of the living. In 1609, os-bo-zh-den howl-ska-mi under the command of Prince M.V. Sko-pi-na-Shui-sko-go and Ya.P. De la garde. In 1611, the collection point for the re-to-out from the ranks of the First militia of 1611. In the same year, you held a siege of the troops of Ya.P. Sa-pe-gi. In 1618, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, without-us-on-foot-but was given by the Polish-Lithuanian detachment of Colonel S. Cha-p-lin-sko-go. In 1666, the fortress of ob-nov-le-na (had 12 towers and 3 gates, in Tai-nit-coy tower-did-not-ho-dil-sya secret drink-e- howl ko-lo-dets), ra-zo-bra-na in 1759. The city not-one-but-times suffered from a fire (in 1687, 1753, 1783, 1786, 1847). In 1691-1692, near Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, at the shipyard in the village of Ves-ko-vo, Peter I and the Dutch masters built ships of the so-called tesh flotilla.

The center of the Pe-re-slav-sky district and the Pe-re-slavl-Za-les-sky province (1719-1778) of the Moscow province (1708-1778), the Vla-di-mir province (1778- 1929, until 1796 Vla-di-mir-skoe on-me-st-no-che-st-in). In the 18th century, re-re-not-se-ning of trade routes to the Baltic Sea for-med-li-lo development of the city-ro-yes, from the middle of the 18th century -no-ka-yut in-lo-nya-nye ma-well-fak-tu-ry (in 1758 Ug-ri-mo-vyh, since 1889 with-over-le-zha-la Partnership Pe-re -Slav-sky ma-nu-fak-tu-ry; in 1781 Te-me-ri-nyh). In 1849, the Mo-s-kov-sko-Yaro-Slavskoe highway was opened, passing through Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. After the opening in 1870, the movement along the building-en-noy in a hundred from Pereyaslavl-Zalessky railway line Ser-gi-ev Po-sad - Yaroslavl tor-go-in-re-craft-meaning of the city fell sharply. October 26 (November 8), 1917 us-ta-nov-le-na Soviet power. The center of the Pe-re-Slav-sky district of the Ivanovo Industrial Region (1929-1936), since 1936 of the Yaroslavl Region. In 1931, the first factory in the USSR for the production of ki-no-film-ki (we-not the Slavich company) went into operation. In 1937, the opening of a movement along the narrow-to-co-ley-railway of the Uso-lye railway line - Pe-re-slavl-Za-les-sky, in a built-en-noy for the service of the tor-fo-raz-ra-bo-tok (in 1994, the ra-zo-bran uch-drain from Mos-kov-skaya street to shi-ro-ko-ko-lei -noy iron-lez-noy to-ro-gi, in 2004 - a uch-drain from Pereyaslavl-Zalessky to Vek-sa station). In 1956, on-cha-moose movement along the freight-howl railway line Beren-dee-vo - Pe-re-slavl-Za-les-sky.

In the Old City, in the ring of earth ramparts, there were built-ups from the 12th century: a white-lo-ka-men-ny one-but- the main Spa-so-pre-ob-ra-women's cathedral (1152-1157) on Red Square, the shat-ro-vaya church of St. Peter Mi-tro-po-li-ta on the Go-su-da-re-yard (1585; in the basement - the church of Ar-khan-ge-la Mi-khai-la, the end of the 18th century; ko-lo-kol-nya - 1821); 5-headed baroque churches of the Sre-te-niya of the Vla-di-mir-icon of the Mother of God Ma-te-ri (1745; collaborative from the beginning of the 20th century) and St. Alek-san-dr. -mi-na-et-sya since 1660, up-divided in 1764); the building of the male gymnasium in the Art Nouveau style (1913-1916, architect M.E. Tyurin); houses of the XVIII-XIX centuries, etc.

To the south-west and south of the ramparts, in the historical district of Zem-st-vo, there is the Holy Ni-kol-sky convent (os-no-van as a husband circa 1348; since 1898 female; closed in 1923, revived in 1994; refectory with Blago-ve-shchen-skaya church, 1748 ; above the gate church of Saints Peter and Paul, 1750; 5-head Nikolsky Cathedral, 1999-2003, architect V.N. Izhikov; church Truncated-but-ve-niya of the head of Io-an-na Pred-te-chi with ringing-ni-tsey, 2000s), Smo-len-sko-Kor-ni-li-evskaya church ( 1701-1705) of the former Bo-ri-sog-leb-sky Pe-sots-ko-go monastery (os-no-van between the XIII and XV centuries, up-divided in 1764) . To the south, in the Na-mountain slo-bo-de, - Feo-do-rov-sky nunnery (os-no-van pre-lo-zhi-tel-but in the 15th century as a husband -skoy; since 1667 female; closed in 1923, the year of re-ro-zh-day in 1998; 5-chapter cathedral of St. 1557-1564; Church of the Entry into the Church of the Pre-Holy Bo-go-ro-di-tsy, 1655-1684, re-built in 1710; -la-you with the church-to-view in honor of the Kazan icon of God-mother-she Ma-te-ri, 1714; Holy gates of the XVIII century, etc.), Sre-ten Church (os-vya-sche-on in 1785), den-d-ro-logic garden named after S.F. Ha-ri-to-no-va (za-lo-zhen in 1952; area 58 hectares; part of the National Park "Ple-shche-vo-lake-ro"). On-against Da-ni-lo-vo-Tro-its-ko-go mo-na-sta-rya races-by-lo-women Gorits-kiy Us-pen-sky mo-na-stay, in the constructions of some-ro-go, the State is-to-ri-ko-ar-architectural and artistic museum-zey-for-po-ved-nik (1918) , opened in 1919, modern name and status since 1989). Near the mo-na-sta-rya is the wooden house of D.N. Kar-dov-sko-go (1885; ku-p-len hu-doge-no-com in 1915).

On the shore of Lake Ple-shche-vo, at the mouth of the Tru-bezh River, in Ryb-noy slo-bo-de, - the church of So-ro-ka Mu-che-ni-kov Se-va-stiy- skikh (So-ro-kos-vyat-skaya, 1755). On the right bank of the Tru-Bezh River - the baroque churches of St. Si-me-o-on the Pillar-no-ka with a shat-ro-howl of a ko-lo-kol-ney (1771 year) and Po-krovskaya (1789); estates, residential houses of the end of the 18th-19th centuries. On the northern outskirts of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, in the city cemetery, - Cher-ni-gov-cha-ov-nya in the style of rysh-kin-sko-go baroque (1702). Since the end of the 1990s, the churches of St. (year 2001). Pa-myat-ni-ki: V.I. Le-ni-nu (1929, sculptor B.D. Ko-ro-lev), Saint Alek-san-dr Nev-sky (1958, sculptor S.M. Or-lov ). In Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, they say: “UGP named after A.K. Aylamazyan (1993, modern name since 2010; non-state university); frequent museums - iron-ga (2002), hit-ro-stay and smart-ki (modern name since 2011); Center for the Preservation and Development of Folk Traditions and Folk Artistic Words "House of Beren-dei" (2005), ad-mi-ni-st -ra-tion of the National Park "Ple-shche-vo-lake-ro" (in the house of Va-ren-tso-vyh, the beginning of the 20th century; os-no-van in 1988, modern name since 1998) .

Pereyaslavl-Zalessky is an important tourist center, included in the "Golden Ring of Russia". Every year, but the city is about 300 thousand people (including over 250 thousand ex-chicken-sant; of which about 3% are foreign citizens, 2013 year). We serve tu-ri-stov for about 4% of workers (mainly res-to-early de-lo, gos-ti-nich -ny business-nes, pro-ve-de-nie ex-curs-this, trade-gov-la su-ve-ni-ra-mi).

In the 1st half of the 2000s, the Pe-re-Slavsky tech-no-park was created in the city, where there are once more than 100 enterprises, sp -cya-li-zi-ruyu-shchih in the production of chemical and poly-graphic production, build-ma-te-ria-lov on poly-mer-noy os-no-ve. The largest enterprise in the neck is the company "Slavich" (vol-e-di-nya-et production capacities for issuing fo-to-boo-ma-gi, pho-to-plates, ma-te-ria-lov for the needs of micro-ro-electro-tro-ni-ki, flexible pack-to-voch-ny ma -te-ria-loving with multi-color printing; in the co-company there is also the Research Photo-Technical Institute); in a co-hundred-ve par-ka - the plant of the French-Russian group-py company LACOS (la-ko-kra-juicy ma-te-ria-ly), company " Nordenia Slavnika "(packaging film) and others. Dei-st-vo-yut plant" LIT ", production company TMT (both enterprises you-pus-ka-yut te-p-lo-iso-lyats. ma-te-ria-ly, etc.), company "Po-liER" (pla-sti-ko-vaya in su -yes, upa-kov-ka), plant "Pe-re-slav-skaya ke-ra-mi-ka" (in-su-yes, su-ve-nir-naya production), factories "For-le-sie" (technical fabrics, including filter-ro-val-nye) and "New World" (you-shi-th fabrics, shi- tyo, kru-same-va). Production of su-ve-nir-noy production, corrugated-ro-carton-noy packaging, etc. Enterprises de-re-vo-ob-ra-ba- you-vayu-schey, food-howling industry.

In the northern suburb of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, in the village of Ni-kit-skaya Slo-bo-da, there is the Ni-kit-sky monastery. In the village of Go-ro-di-shche - the church of Ro-zh-de-st-va Bo-go-ro-di-tsy (1791-1795); around the village - Kle-shchinsky ar-heo-logical complex, including two cities-ro-di-scha and seven villages (two - VIII-X centuries, on se-li-sche Brem-bol-ka - on-hod-ki stucco ke-ra-mi-ki, ha-rak-ter-noy for me-ri; two - X-XIII centuries, three - XI- thirteenth centuries). The first city-ro-di-sche races-po-lo-same-but to se-ve-ru - se-ve-ro-for-pa-du from the center-tra se-la (Alek-san-d -ro-va mountain-ra, Yari-li-na baldness; area 80 × 35 m), among-di-ho-doc - uk-ra-she-nia, mo-not-you Ta-gi-ri- dov and Sa-ma-ni-dov (2nd half of the 9th century), or-dyn-sko-go kha-na Dzha-ni-be-ka (about 1350), hryvnia-on the new-go-rod- type-pa (mass about 179 g), Russian mo-not-you (2nd half of the 15th - 16th centuries), pin-set, weapons (1st half of the 1st millennium AD - beginning XVII century). The second city-ro-di-shche - on the southwestern ok-rai-not se-la (oval in plan, area 175 × 120 m, ok-ru-same-but ring va- fishing height 2.8-3.5 m, on the floor side of the ditch up to 10 m deep). First-at-first-but there is a race-by-la-gal-sya Pe-re-yas-lavl, and after its re-re-no-sa - Kle-schin (in the last once mentioned in the “List of cities near and far”, 1380-1390s; men-you of a wooden church, etc.). On the shore of Lake Ple-shche-vo, not-yes-le-ku from the city-ro-dish, - Blue-ny stone-men (wa-lun ice-no-ko-vo-go about -is-ho-zh-de-nia weighing up to 12 tons, oval shape - 3-3.1 × 2.6 m, thickness up to 0.8 m; but, connected with the pagan cult of the god Ve-le-sa, the subject of many-ve-ko-in-go in-clo-non-niya of local living -te-lei).

Near the entrance to Pereyaslavl-Zalessky from the side of Mo-sk-you, at the "place of birth" of Tsar Fe-do-ra Iva-no-vi-cha, - cha- owl "Cross" (1889, architect V.V. Suslov); in the village of Eli-za-ro-vo - the shat-ro-vaya church of Ni-ki-you Mu-che-ni-ka (1566-1567; at-de-ly, tra-pez-naya and co-lo- Kol-nya, 1822); in the village of Sol-ba - Ni-ko-lo-Sol-bin convent (os-no-van as a male pre-lo-zhi-tel-but in the 15th century; in the modern place those since 1711; closed in 1918, re-ro-zh-day as a female in 1999; Us-Pen-skaya Church, 1713, re-built in 1861); in the village of Bolshaya Brem-bo-la - the Trinity Church of the type-pa "eight-me-rik on the four-ve-ri-ke" (1706); in the village of Oho-chi-no - da-cha K.A. Ko-ro-vi-na (ra-bo-tal here since 1888). In the village of Gor-ki - the Museum-estate-ba of the Gan-shi-nykh (1969; fi-li-al Pe-re-slavl-Za-forest-go state is-to-ri-ko-ar -artistic and artistic museum-for-po-ved-ni-ka): main house (XIX century, re-sta-nov-len in 1968-1969), Okhot-ni-chiy do-mik ( 19th century, restored in 1985). On the southern shore of Lake Ple-shche-vo, in the village of Ves-ko-vo, - the Museum-estate-ba "Bo-tik Peter I" (os-no-van in 1803, now -not fi-li-al Pe-re-slavl-Za-les-sko-go state is-to-ri-ko-ar-artificial and artistic museum-zea-for-by-ved-no-ka) : the so-called Boat House (1803, in inter-ter-e-re - boat "For-tu-na", the end of the 17th century), three-um-fal-naya ar-ka (1852, architect N .F. Zhereb-tsov), White Palace (1853), wooden ro-ton-da (1850s), Petrovsky ob-lisk (1852, sculpt- tor A.S. Campio-ni); private museums: “Tea-ni-ka House” (2003), is-to-rii de-neg “Mo-no-ny yard” (2010); Institute of Program Systems RAS. In the village of Ta-li-tsy - Pe-re-slav-sky railway museum (os-no-van in 1990; forest roads).,

Basic moments

The history of Pereslavl is shrouded in secrets, legends, legends and is inextricably linked with the names of the great Russian princes, kings, famous warriors and famous clergymen. Its magical aura is preserved by the ancient shrines of the city - white-stone temples with golden domes and monasteries, each of which deserves a separate visit. The city museum demonstrates the richest historical collections, and private atmospheric museums surprise tourists with original expositions and creative excursions.

In the parks of Pereslavl-Zalessky there are cultural and entertainment centers where guests of the city can immerse themselves in the atmosphere of old Russian fairy tales, get acquainted with the traditions and life of the people who lived in this corner of Ancient Rus'.

Pereslavl-Zalessky, standing on the shores of the huge Pleshcheyevo Lake, at its confluence with the Trubezh River, also delights with its wonderful landscapes. In the vicinity of the city, in the bosom of generous nature, recreation centers, guest houses, campsites, and beaches are equipped for tourists. Lake Pleshcheyevo is a popular place for fishing. At any time of the year, lovers of fishing come here not only from neighboring cities, but also from Moscow.

History of Pereslavl-Zalessky

The land on which Pereslavl-Zalessky stands has been inhabited since the Neolithic times - this is evidenced by archaeological finds found near the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo and the Trubezh River. In the 1st-10th centuries A.D. e. these lands were inhabited by the ancient people Merya, belonging to the Finno-Ugric group of tribes. Later, the Slavs settled here: the Ilmensky - people from the Novgorod land, as well as the Krivichi, who migrated from the Dnieper region.

The city of Pereslavl-Zalessky itself owes its existence to Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. In 1151, having suffered a defeat in the struggle for Kiev, he retired to North-Eastern Rus' and began an unprecedented development of these lands, laying new cities and actively encouraging the settlement of his possessions by immigrants from South-Western Rus'. In 1152, on the flat bank of a full-flowing river flowing into a huge lake, in the immediate vicinity of the fortified city-fortress of Kleshchino, he founded a city, later called Pereslavl-Zalessky. According to many historians, Yuri Dolgoruky built a new city as the capital of his possessions in North-Eastern Rus', as well as a symbol of isolation from Kyiv and the assertion of his undivided right to reign in this land.

Pereslavl-Zalessky was one of the largest cities in all of Rus', the third after Kyiv and Smolensk. The city was protected by huge ramparts, on top of which chopped walls were erected. In terms of scale and technical perfection, the Pereslavl ramparts surpassed most other earthen defensive structures in Rus'. Their height ranged from 10 to 18 meters, and they stretched along a circle of 2,350 meters.

The ancient name of the princely city is Pereyaslavl, which literally means "to take over the glory." There were three Pereyaslavl in Rus': Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, Pereyaslavl-New (later Pereslavl-Zalessky) and their progenitor Pereyaslavl-South (today Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky, Ukraine), located on the southern cordon of Kievan Rus. According to some reports, Yuri Dolgoruky himself grew up and, possibly, was born in Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny, where his father Vladimir Monomakh ruled.

During the years of the reign of the descendants of Yuri Dolgoruky - Vsevolod III the Big Nest and his son Yaroslav Vsevolodovich - the city continued to develop and flourish, becoming one of the most significant centers of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus. At the princely court, educated people served, chroniclers, masters of icon painting worked, craftsmen honed the art of woodcarving. The outstanding commander Alexander Nevsky was born and raised in Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Like all Russian lands, the city was ruined more than once by the Mongol-Tatars, civil strife also did not bypass it. In the XIV century, Pereslavl-Zalessky, as part of the Vladimir principality, came under the control of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Over the following centuries, the city developed as a craft and trade center, churches and monasteries were built here, the number of which was second only to Suzdal. The great Moscow princes, and then the tsars, often visited these places - some were attracted by the rich hunting grounds in these parts, while others went here on a pilgrimage.

In August 1688, the energetic and ambitious young Tsar Peter I arrived in Pereslavl, accompanied by the Dutch shipbuilder Brandt Karsten. Here, near Lake Pleshcheyevo, he decided to build a flotilla, which became known as a funny flotilla. This idea served as the first step of the future emperor towards the creation of the Russian fleet. On August 1, 1692, a parade of ships took place in Pereslavl. In the presence of the tsar and courtiers, to the solemn ringing of bells, the first Russian flotilla set out on a campaign along the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo. After Peter left Pereslavl, and the construction of a real Russian navy began in Arkhangelsk, then in Voronezh and on the shores of the Baltic Sea. However, the first cadres of masters of shipbuilding and sailors were forged right here, in Pereslavl-Zalessky.

In 1719, Pereslavl received the status of the main city of the Pereslav-Zalessky province, and by the end of the century it became a county town of the Vladimir province. In the 19th century, it was a fairly large center with factories - tanneries and malt factories, mills, forges, and its linen factories were famous. The well-being of the city was also based on the fact that the White Sea trade route passed through it, connecting Moscow with the Volga and going further north. After a section of the Northern Railway was laid 20 kilometers from Pereslavl, and it lost its transit significance, the city began to gradually change its appearance, turning into an ordinary, quiet provincial corner of the empire.

In the first half of the last century, the buildings of Pereslavl-Zalessky remained mainly wooden, and the city continued to grow along the Moscow-Yaroslavl road. Only in the 60-70s, along with the construction of large enterprises of the chemical and light industries, new microdistricts began to appear here, remote from the historical core of the city. Nowadays, Pereslavl-Zalessky is the third largest city in the Yaroslavl region.

tourism seasons

Pereslavl-Zalessky, like other cities of the Golden Ring, is part of the middle zone of the European part of Russia, which is characterized by rather cold, dry winters and warm, sunny summers. Summer time is the perfect time to visit Pereslavl. During the day the temperature varies from +20 °С to +30 °С, in the evenings it is fresh. At this time of the year, you will be able to maximize your time and not depend on the early twilight, which is typical for other months. In addition, many open-air museums and attractions are open to visitors only during the summer. Ancient temples, the interiors of which have preserved ancient paintings, are also closed to visitors in cold weather.

In spring and autumn, you will have to rely on chance. If you are lucky, and the days will be clear, warm and fine, you will be able to enjoy the beauties of the landscapes of Pereslavl and comfortably see the local sights, but if it rains or sleet, the trip will become more difficult.

Colds begin in November and last until mid-March. In winter, daytime temperatures range from -10 °C to -5 °C, at night from -15 °C to -10 °C, however, thaws are no exception here.

Sights of Pereslavl-Zalessky

In miniature Pereslavl-Zalessky, almost all the sights are located in the historical center, within walking distance from each other, focusing on the picturesque banks of the Trubezh River and Lake Pleshcheyevo. Wherever you go to the old city, you will not be able to pass the earthen ramparts that have been rising around the ancient settlement - the Pereslavl Kremlin - for more than eight and a half centuries. The fortifications are well preserved and represent a rare monument of early fortress architecture in this part of Russia.

Most of the churches and monasteries of Pereslavl date back to the 16th-18th centuries, and urban development - to the 18th-19th centuries. Wooden and stone buildings cannot be called masterpieces of architecture, but, inextricably linked with the history of the city, they are of interest.

Several colorful two-story stone houses can be seen on Rostovskaya Street. In the old days, trading shops and taverns were located on their first floors, and the upper premises served as hotel rooms or rented apartments. Ancient buildings have been preserved in the area of ​​Red Square, including a two-story building, the decoration of which is the main two-flight staircase. On Gagarina Street, not far from the ramparts, attention is drawn to the house of the early 18th century, built for the city office, which has preserved blue-and-white tiled stoves. Of interest is the building of the former city estate, built about three centuries ago in a classical style. Away from it is the building of one of the manufactories of 1781. The old houses of Pereslavl-Zalessky are also located on Konnaya Street, in the former settlements near monasteries, as well as Rybnaya Sloboda, a picturesque corner of the city, located at the mouth of the Trubezh River, off the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo.

Churches

In Pereslavl-Zalessky is one of the oldest monuments of North-Eastern Rus' - the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior. The townspeople call it the Old Cathedral, and the square on which it is located has long been called Red. It is known that the temple was founded in 1152, simultaneously with the beginning of the construction of the city. Presumably, the work lasted five years, and the architects were Rostov and Suzdal masters who left numerous graffiti on the facade of the cathedral. Here is the tomb of the family members of Prince Alexander Nevsky, the great commander himself was baptized within the walls of the temple and took the “princely tonsure” here - the rite of initiation into warriors. Next to the cathedral is a monument to the prince.

Built in the Byzantine style, strict, laconic and majestic, the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior is considered one of the first examples of the famous white-stone architecture in the lands of North-Eastern Rus'. The facades of each of its walls are divided by pilasters, forming a kind of three-part rhythm, the apses are lined with ornamental brickwork, the windows are narrow and long, like cracks. The interior of the temple is distinguished by modesty; the ancient murals have not been preserved here.

Recently, restoration was completed in the temple, and today it is open to the public. Entrance here is paid - 80 rubles per person.

Near the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior stands the tented church of Peter the Metropolitan, built in 1585. Its appearance is distinguished by austerity and asceticism, which is typical for the architecture of that era. Of interest are the preserved old doors leading to the main church. Wall paintings and wood carvings in the interior belong to a later period.

Not far from the Church of Peter the Metropolitan are the Vladimirsky (New) Cathedral and the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, built in the Baroque style in the 40s of the 18th century outside the walls of the monastery of the Presentation of the Vladimir Mother of God that existed at that time and belonged to it. After the abolition of the monastery in 1764, the temples received the status of ordinary parish churches.

On Rostovskaya Street, you can see another ancient attraction of Pereslavl-Zalessky - the temple of Simeon the Stylite, built in 1771. This temple has two floors. Previously, there was a summer church on the first floor. In its western part there is a spectacular hipped bell tower.

Near the city bridge over the Trubezh, Pleshcheevskaya Street originates, stretching west to the lake. Here, above low residential buildings, rise a slender belfry and the graceful head of the Church of the Intercession, built in 1769. The temple is a typical example of provincial baroque architecture of the 18th century. Interesting examples of icon painting, church utensils, and wood carvings have been preserved in its interiors.

Rybnaya Sloboda stretches along the Trubezh River. The local houses almost come close to the shore, completely lined with boats. Previously, fishermen lived here, supplying the famous Pereslavl herring to the royal table. Near the shore, at the mouth of the river, rises the original scarlet church of the Forty Martyrs. It is known that it existed already in the 17th century. A spectacular panorama opens up from Lake Pleshcheyevo to the temple, familiar to many from the advertising brochures of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

On Gagarin Street, you can see the Smolensk-Korniliev Church, which dates back to the beginning of the 18th century and belonged to the Borisoglebsky Monastery located here before Catherine's secularization. From the monastery itself, the church itself, the refectory, the body of cells, and the bell tower have been preserved. The temple is a rare monument of provincial architecture, characterized by some eclectic decoration.

On Moskovskaya Street, leading to the capital, on the top of the slope is the Sretenskaya (Alexandro-Nevsky) Church, built in 1776. It is located between two famous monastic ensembles - Goritsky and Danilov. The temple is clearly visible from the city center, and together with the monastery walls and towers, it forms a magnificent architectural composition that adorns the southern outskirts of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Monasteries

Like many centuries ago, the appearance of Pereslavl-Zalessky is shaped by magnificent architectural ensembles of monasteries. Most of them were erected at a distance from the fortified city, along the roads that led to it, but gradually the holy cloisters entered the city limits. The three largest monastic ensembles - Goritsky, Trinity-Danilov, Fedorovsky - are located in the south of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

The famous Goritsky Monastery, founded at the beginning of the 14th century, got its name due to its location on a hill, near a cliff. Initially, it was called Uspensky, which is on Goritsa, and after that it was simply Goritsky. Located near the highway coming from Moscow, the monastery was repeatedly subjected to armed attacks, looting, survived more than one fire, but was always revived, as it was highly revered and was under the patronage of Moscow rulers.

Already in the 16th century, the monastery buildings were predominantly stone, but most of them have not survived to this day, as they were dismantled in the middle of the 18th century, when the monastery was abolished, becoming the residence of the bishop of the Pereslavl diocese. During the stay of the bishops, a grandiose construction was begun: a new Assumption Cathedral, a bell tower, and two towers were erected. The monastery walls were also rebuilt and renovated. However, in 1788 the diocese, which included many churches and monasteries, was abolished, and the former monastic estates gradually fell into disrepair. In 1919, a local history museum began to operate on the territory of the Goritsky Monastery, on the basis of which the Pereslavl-Zalessky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum, which exists today, was created - one of the best in this region of Russia.

Walking around the territory of the monastery, look at the Holy southern front gate, erected at the end of the 17th century, St. Nicholas Church, located above them, belonging to the same period. You should definitely visit the largest cathedral church of the monastery ensemble - the five-domed Assumption Cathedral. Its interiors look luxurious and are one of the most striking examples of Russian baroque: the walls and vaults are decorated with spectacular stucco, figured belts, cartouches, sculptural images, and monograms. The iconostasis of the cathedral, created in Moscow by carving master Yakov Ilyin-Zhukov, is magnificent. The creation of the famous carver was brought to Pereslavl disassembled. Here it was assembled according to the drawings. This iconostasis, as if woven from gilded lace, is one of the best works of Russian decorative art.

On the same axis with the Assumption Church is the five-domed All Saints Refectory Church of the 17th century. Part of the exposition of the Pereslavl Museum is exhibited in its premises. It is worth saying that its funds include more than 30 thousand rarities. Among them are historical documents, archaeological finds, old books, weapons. Of interest are icons, church utensils, as well as the miters of archimandrites, altar crosses, silver chalices decorated with pearls and semi-precious stones.

The art gallery showcases paintings and sculptures dating from the 15th century to the present. Here you can see paintings by Shishkin, Benois, Polenov, Semiradsky, paintings by famous artists of the beginning of the last century - Korovin, Mashkov, Lentulov, Serebryakova.

Entrance to the territory of the monastery is paid - 50 rubles per person. You have to pay separately for viewing museum expositions.

Opposite the Goritsky Monastery, there is the active male Trinity-Danilov Monastery, founded by the monk of the Goritsky Monastery Daniel in 1508. The walls have not been preserved, but the Holy Gate (1750), built in the form of a triumphal arch, can still be seen today. On the territory of the monastery, of interest is the recently restored Trinity Cathedral, dating back to the 30s of the 16th century, supposedly built according to the project of the famous Rostov architect Grigory Borisov. In the appearance of this slender, high, one-domed temple, the features of Italian architecture are visible, which was typical of the era of Vasily III. In the interiors of the cathedral you can see the restored frescoes of 1662 by eminent masters Gury Nikitin and Sila Savin. Many monastery buildings were built at the expense of Prince Ivan Baryatinsky in the 17th century.

In 1660, near the northern side of the Trinity Cathedral, over the site of the tomb of the founder of the monastery Daniel, a chapel was erected, to which an elegant hipped bell tower was later attached. In the northeastern part of the monastery you can see a miniature one-domed All Saints Church. To the south of the Trinity Cathedral there is a massive building of the refectory and the Church of the Praise of the Virgin (XVII century). This complex cost Prince Baryatinsky 11,237 rubles - a huge amount for those times. The temple is magnificently decorated and is considered a masterpiece of Russian architecture.

The entrance to the monastery, which returned to the bosom of the Orthodox Church in 1993, is open from 8:00 to 22:00.

The southernmost monastery of Pereslavl-Zalessky is Fedorovsky. The first mention of it dates back to the 15th century. Until the 17th century, it was male, after which it was turned into female. Among the nuns of the Fedorovsky Monastery there were many representatives of eminent and wealthy families. Noble families, as well as representatives of the royal family, constantly donated a lot of money and precious things to the monastery treasury, which contributed to the prosperity of this monastery.

The oldest monastery building is the five-domed Fedorovsky Cathedral. Erected in honor of the birth of the son of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Fedor, it is distinguished by its monumental style, characteristic of the monastery cathedrals of the era of Ivan IV. The richly decorated extensions to it date back to the 19th century, as well as the paintings inside. To the north of the cathedral is the Vvedenskaya Church of the early 18th century, and in the southwestern part of the monastery you can visit the Church of Our Lady of Kazan, built in 1714.

The monastery buildings in their original form have not been preserved, but the restoration work has not distorted the appearance of the monastery. Behind its white walls, like many centuries ago, it is light and calm, the dark green scaly domes of the cathedral and the golden domes of the chamber churches look fabulous, like an illustration to an old book.

Today, 20 nuns are obedient in the Fedorovsky Monastery. The doors to the monastery are open from early morning until the evening service at 17:00. Entrance to the territory is free, but donations are accepted favorably.

Away from the road leading to Yaroslavl, closer to the Trubezh River, behind a low brick fence with decorative turrets, is the Nikolsky Monastery, founded in the middle of the 14th century. Over the centuries, it was devastated several times, first by the Mongol-Tatars, and then by the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. The revival of the monastery began in 1613, and at the end of the 17th century, the Korsun Cross was brought here, which is still the main shrine of the monastery.

Until 1898, the St. Nicholas Monastery was a male monastery, after it was converted into a female one, which it is today, after 70 years of neglect. Of the ancient churches, two have survived to this day: the gate church of Peter and Paul, built in 1748, which stores fragments of paintings on the walls and vaults, as well as the Church of the Annunciation, built in the Baroque style.

The most ancient monastery of Pereslavl-Zalessky and one of the oldest in Russia - Nikitsky - is located on the northern outskirts of the city, near Troitskaya Sloboda. Founded at the end of the 11th - beginning of the 12th century, it has preserved architectural monuments dating back to the 16th-17th centuries.

Its walls with loopholes and towers are the oldest stone fortifications of Pereslavl-Zalessky and the surrounding lands.

The main temple of the monastery is the five-domed Nikitsky Cathedral, built in the 16th century and rebuilt several times over the next two centuries. The temple looks very impressive both outside and inside. Its architectural feature is lancet arches, common in Western European architecture and in the Caucasus, but not found in ancient Russian architecture.

Heading south from the Nikitsky Cathedral, you will see a large complex of monastic buildings, which includes the Church of the Annunciation, utility rooms, bell towers, the refectory, where, according to legend, Peter I stayed.

Not so long ago, the main restoration work was completed at the Nikitsky Monastery, and today many consider it the most beautiful in the city. There are always many visitors here, whom the monks meet very friendly. There is convenient parking near the walls of the monastery, on its beautiful, well-groomed territory, the doors of the cafe-refectory are open for guests, where you can buy delicious monastery bread, herbal preparations, honey from the monastery apiary, kvass. Entrance to the holy monastery is free.

Museums

In Pereslavl-Zalessky there are several very nice, mostly private museums, which will be interesting to visit for both adults and children. The theme of the expositions is unusual. For example, the Museum of Iron, located in an old mansion, presents a collection of 200 ironing devices - heating, coal, alcohol, gas, modern. You will also get acquainted with the collection of everyday goods of the townspeople, dating back to the 19th century. There is a friendly young staff, and perky atmosphere reigns.

The original Museum of Teapots, housed in a bright blue wooden house behind a colorful fence, introduces guests to the history of tea drinking in Rus'. More than 130 unique teapots and teapots are presented here - cupronickel, copper, porcelain, shiny and worn, rusty and enameled, tiny and giant. Tours are conducted to the music sounding from an old gramophone.

In Pereslavl-Zalessky there is also the Museum of Radio, the Museum of Cunning and Ingenuity, the Museum "Kingdom of Vendace", dedicated to this rare fish, which is found only in Lake Pleshcheyevo.

The youngest museum in the city is the Museum of Money, and the oldest is the Botik of Peter the Great Museum-Estate, opened back in 1803 in memory of the emperor’s historical undertaking - the construction of a “fun flotilla”. The museum keeps the boat "Fortune" - the only ship that has survived from those times. Here you can also see ancient equipment for the production of ships, as well as the remains of rigging: sails, masts, cables, ship's helms.

In front of the museum building there is a monument to Peter I - the work of the sculptor Campioni, next to it - anchors from large Peter's ships. To the west is the so-called Rotunda Palace, built in the 50s of the 19th century, then the White Palace, where there is an exposition dedicated to the history of the Russian fleet.

Camping

One of the iconic places in Pereslavl-Zalessky, which you must definitely visit, is Lake Pleshcheyevo. The local lands are incredibly picturesque and romantic, in winter the lake freezes, and in summer its surface, usually calm and motionless, sometimes rises in large waves. The shores of the reservoir, sometimes flat, sometimes hilly, are open on all sides, and from everywhere the view of the reservoir is simply amazing.

Lake Pleshcheyevo is a protected area, however, excellent conditions for outdoor activities have been created here for the citizens and guests of Pereslavl. On the sandy shores there are several beaches - both wild and equipped, with summer cafes, umbrellas, pavilions. It is possible to rent a boat or go surfing. The lake is also popular among lovers of fishing. There are 16 species of fish in its waters, including the famous vendace.

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On the elevated shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, called Alexandrova Gora, there is a huge stone - a boulder of an extraordinary blue color, brought here by ancient glaciers. Once it was an object of pagan worship, and today it is a tourist attraction. A paved path was laid to the Sin-stone, and a fee of 50 rubles is charged for its inspection.

The Pereslavl Dendrological Garden, founded in 1952, is also part of the Pleshcheyevo Lake Reserve. Its territory is divided into 8 zones, each of which demonstrates the vegetation of different parts of the planet. Paths are laid in the garden, artificial ponds with pretty stone bridges are broken. Interesting excursions take place here, a special route - the "Trail of Fairy Tales" - is designed for children.

In the very center of Pereslavl-Zalessky, there is an open-air museum "Berendey's House" - an original cultural and entertainment venue with a museum, a souvenir shop, an atmospheric folklore-style cafe serving traditional Russian dishes and drinks.

During the museum tour, which takes place in a playful way, you will be told about the ancient traditions of the Russian way of life, rituals, demonstrate ancient household items, tell and show how our ancestors celebrated Maslenitsa, Honey and Apple Spas. The Berendey House often hosts festivities with songs, dances, fun, as well as traditional wedding ceremonies.

On weekdays, the museum can be visited from 8:00 to 17:00, on holidays and weekends - from 10:00 to 17:00. The cost of the tour is from 385 to 525 rubles.

Another wonderful place for walking and getting to know Russian traditions is located at the entrance to Pereslavl-Zalessky from Moscow. Here, on the territory of several hectares, the Russian Park is located. Its center is a stylized Russian village, where in each of the wooden houses there is a museum or exposition, their theme is Russian traditions and life.

At the Cossack Yard, you will be offered a ride on a horse or in a cart, they will teach you how to throw an ax and handle a whip, and in the Ryapushka tavern you will be treated to royal borscht of five types of meat, Guryev porridge, fragrant kvass.

The cost of visiting the park is 300 rubles for an adult, 150 rubles for a child. Excursions must be paid separately.

Souvenirs

In Pereslavl-Zalessky, there are many shops and kiosks where you can buy souvenirs. Most of them work at museums and in places near historical sites. In the Museum of Iron, for example, you can buy stylized ceramic irons and elegant coasters for them, in the Museum of Teapots - porcelain dishes, samovars.

A wide range of interesting gizmos is presented in the Berendey House souvenir shop: original Berendeyka toys, nesting dolls, ceramic, birch bark and pottery, all kinds of amulets.

The shops at the monasteries sell delicious honey and herbal teas.

A traditional tasty souvenir from Pereslavl is smoked fish, which has long become an indispensable purchase for every guest of the city.

Cafes and restaurants

In Pereslavl-Zalessky there are enough establishments with European cuisine, many cafes serve dishes of Caucasian cuisine, but, of course, the highlight of the local cuisine is traditional Russian food. One of the most popular restaurants among tourists is the Albitsky Garden, which is attached to the hotel of the same name. Here you will be treated to excellent pike cutlets with sauce, salmon caviar, baked pike perch, mushrooms of your own salting, excellent fish hodgepodge. The service here is excellent, a saxophonist plays in the evenings, but the prices are “Moscow”.

The guests also praise the atmospheric cafe "Montpensier" in the city center, the restaurant of the tourist center "Fish Herberg - Herring Royal Ambassador", where, among other things, you can try the most delicious fresh herring served with a variety of side dishes: potatoes, onions, under a fur coat. Prices in these establishments are quite democratic.

Cafe-restaurant "Pirog i borsch" is famous for its home cooking - excellent dumplings with potatoes, strawberries, cherries, apples are served here; pies with meat, cheese; branded berry juice.

On average, in the popular establishments of Pereslavl-Zalessky, a hearty lunch will cost from 600 rubles per person, this amount does not include alcoholic beverages. In an ordinary cafe you can have a bite, limiting yourself to 150-300 rubles.

Where to stay

There are several three-star hotels in Pereslavl-Zalessky, as well as motels and guest houses. The average cost of living in a hotel is from 2300 rubles per room. You can rent an apartment here, which will cost from 500 to 1500 rubles per day.

Many guests of the city prefer to stay at camp sites. Near Lake Pleshcheyevo there is an excellent recreation center "Sin-Kamen", where you can stay in one of the comfortable houses with the whole family. Not far from it, in a pine forest, there is another wonderful corner - Pleshcheyevo. Popular among the guests of Pereslavl-Zalessky and the tourist center "Urev", here you can have a great time both in summer and in winter, doing ice fishing or going to hunt wild boar, elk, hare, fox.

In the summer, "savage" tourists can camp in a tent right by the sandy shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. On an unequipped territory, this will cost 250 rubles; in a specialized parking lot, 400 rubles will be required for setting up a tent.

Transport

There are several bus routes in Pereslavl-Zalessky, the most convenient and popular of which is No. 1, which runs through the entire city. To get to the sights located in the vicinity, you will have to take a taxi. The cost of the trip is from 90 to 150 rubles, prices depend on distances and the season.

For those who travel by car, there are parking lots in Pereslavl. Renting a place costs 70 rubles / day or 20 rubles / hour.

Many tourists travel around Pereslavl-Zalessky on bicycles, which can be rented for 600 rubles/day or 100 rubles/hour.

How to get there

From Moscow to Pereslavl-Zalessky by car, you can rush in two hours along the M-8 Kholmogory highway. The road network connects the city with other points of the Golden Ring of Russia route.

Buses arrive at the Pereslavl bus station on a direct flight from Moscow and Yaroslavl, as well as transit buses heading from Moscow to Kostroma, Rybinsk and beyond. Travel time from the capital to Pereslavl-Zalessky by bus is about 3 hours.

Pereslavl is one of the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia. This is the birthplace of Alexander Nevsky and the birthplace of the Russian fleet. The city on the shores of the beautiful Lake Pleshcheyevo is small and cozy, full of ancient temples and monasteries. He collected unique museum collections and keeps many interesting legends.

History of the origin of the name

The city was originally called Pereyaslavl. This name, which came from the male name Pereyaslav - "took over the glory", the Slavs gave to several of their cities. The first was founded on the left tributary of the Dnieper Trubezh.

Goritsky Monastery

It has been mentioned in chronicles since 907. Then they spoke of him as Pereyaslavl Russian, and now this city is known as Pereslavl-Khmelnitsky. A little later, in 1095, Pereslavl Ryazansky appeared, which in 1778 was renamed Ryazan.

And finally, in 1152, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky founded a city beyond the forests from southern Pereyaslavl, and he received the name Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Just as we, naming a child in honor of a respected relative or a famous person, want the name to help him build his destiny and “take over the glory”, so the people who founded the city on the shores of Lake Pleshcheyevo wished him prosperity and power equal to the former capital of the Pereyaslav principality. Even the river flowing into the lake near the new city began to be called, like the Dnieper tributary, the Trubezh.

Temples, monasteries and other architectural monuments of Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky preserved many church traditions. There are six operating Orthodox monasteries in the city and suburbs, the oldest of which, Nikitsky, was founded in 1010, during the period of the spread of Christianity in Rus'. Its buildings, which have survived to this day, date back to the 15th-19th centuries and are historical and architectural monuments.

Nikitsky monastery

The historical center of the city is decorated with the oldest Orthodox church in Pereslavl - the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior. The white-stone single-domed church in the Byzantine style was built on an artificial rampart in the 12th century. And she's not the only one. Temples and ancient chapels stand all over Pereslavl-Zalessky, delighting its residents and guests with the grace of forms and beauty of lines, and are real objects of cultural heritage.

In addition to Orthodox churches and monasteries, Pereslavl-Zalessky also has interesting civil buildings: the factories of Pavlov, Holmberg and Borisov, founded in the middle of the 19th century, the buildings of parish and city schools, women's and men's gymnasiums, built in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, and also several private houses and estates that have preserved the traditions of wooden and stone architecture of the 19th-20th centuries.

Museums of Pereslavl-Zalessky

More than 20 museums have been created in this small city with a population of only 40 thousand people. The largest Pereslavl-Zalessky Museum-Reserve is located on the territory of the Assumption Goritsky Monastery. In it you can see a collection of ancient icons of the XV-XVIII centuries, a memorial exposition of F.I. Chaliapin, collections of wooden sculpture, carvings and paintings.

Fedorovsky Monastery

In the village of Veskovo, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, the oak boat of Peter I is kept - the only ship of Peter's amusing fleet that has survived to this day. The Teapot Museum and the Mint Museum of the History of Money are located in the same village. And a few kilometers away, in the village of Talitsy, there is an unusual Museum of Steam Locomotives, dedicated to narrow gauge railways. It presents a collection of old locomotives, wagons, machines and mechanisms that were used by railway workers in the 19th and 20th centuries.

In order to preserve folk traditions and crafts, in the mid-2000s, the Berendey House was created in the city (38 Uritsky Street). Here you can attend master classes of artists and carvers, see with your own eyes how works of folk art are born and buy original designer souvenirs.

Legends of Lake Pleshcheyevo

The city stands on the shore of a large lake, one of the most beautiful on the Central Russian plain - a real pearl of the "Golden Ring of Russia". People have long settled on its shores and revered this lake as a holy place. Until now, on its northeastern shore, you can see a large boulder - the Blue Stone - a place of worship for ancient pagans.

Transfiguration Cathedral

The lake itself has a rounded shape and receives the waters of 19 rivers and streams. Its largest tributary is the Trubezh River, which originates in the Berendey Swamp. It is not difficult to go around the lake - the whole way around will take about 30 km.

Off the coast, it is shallow and has long been chosen by fans of windsurfing and kiteboarding. It is convenient to learn to “own” the wind here. And even if a beginner is inadvertently carried away from the shore, he can always return on foot through shallow water.

Making an excursion around the lake, one cannot but visit several earthen ramparts left from the ancient Russian city of Kleshchina. He was the predecessor of Pereslavl-Zalessky. And, of course, the Lake Pleshcheyevo National Park, created to preserve and restore the natural and historical complex around Pereslavl-Zalessky, is a special protected area here.

Tourism infrastructure

Arriving in the city, you can always stay overnight in hotels, mini-hotels, motels, guest houses at a recreation center or in a boarding house. Here it is easy to find accommodation options that satisfy the quality of services and price. And since the annual flow of tourists traveling along the Golden Ring is growing, the hotel chain in the city continues to be built.

Sretenskaya Church

In addition, it is possible to camp with tents on equipped sites around Lake Pleshcheyevo (in Urev, Yazevka, Botik and Kukhmar) in the territories of the Lake Pleshcheyevo National Park and in several shelters, as well as at recreation centers.

Pereslavl-Zalessky has many restaurants and cafes designed for visitors. So it's hard to stay hungry in the city. In the city center (Narodnaya Square, 11) there is even a whole cultural and entertainment complex "Golden Ring", which has several halls and is ready to feed guests with dishes of Russian, Japanese and Italian cuisines.

Armed with a map and guidebooks, traveling around the city and its surroundings is not difficult on your own. But, if you wish, you can use the services of local travel companies and visit interesting organized excursions to the famous dendrological garden, ecological paths of the national park, rural tours and participate in folklore holidays.

And, of course, any trip is not conceivable without souvenirs. In Pereslavl-Zalessky there are many shops, salons and souvenir shops with wonderful works of folk craftsmen. Connoisseurs definitely try to buy in this city souvenirs with elegant Pereslavl embroidery, which are made at the Novy Mir embroidery factory and bright souvenirs from Berendey's House.

Nikolsky Monastery

How to get to Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky is located 120 km from the Moscow ring road and 125 km from the regional center - the city of Yaroslavl. By car. From MKAD to the city you need to go along the Yaroslavl highway and the M8 highway. The journey will take 2.20 hours.

By bus. Buses to the city run from the Moscow central bus station, located near the Shchelkovskaya metro station - 8 flights daily. In addition, Pereslavl-Zalessky can be reached by buses to Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Rybinsk, Gavrilov Yam and Makariev. Travel time - 3.05 hours.

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CH ЪDBOY OBRTPFYCH uYNEPOPCHULPK GETLCHY (KhM. tPUFPCHULBS, 19) PE CHFPTPK RPMPCHYOE XIX CHELB VSCHMB PFLTSCHFB ZPTPDULBS FYRPZTBZHYS. her CHMBDEMSHGSCH n.n. J b.n. yBMBOYOSCH DPMZYE ZPDSH PVEUREYUYCHBMY RETEUMBCHGECH RTYZMBIEOYSNNY, CHYYFLBNY, PFLTSCHFLBNY, BZHYYBNY Y VPMEE UETSHEPK REYUBFOPK RTPDHLGYEK (CH YUBUFOPUFY, TsHTOBMBNY r ETEUMBCHULPK ZPTPDULPK DKhNShch). l PDOPC Y UBNSCHI UFBTYOOSHCHI RPUFTPEL RETEUMBCHMS PFOPUYFUS VSCHYBS HUBDShVB ZHBVTYLBOFCH FENETOYOSCHI. EE BDOYS TBURPMPTSEOSH FBLCE CH GEOPTE ZPTPDB (RET. lTBUOSCHK, 10) Y CHRPMOE DBAF RTEDUFBCHMEOYE P ZPTPDULPK KHUBDSHVE XVIII CHELB. GEOFTBMSHOPE NEUFP BOYNBEF TSYMPK DPN. l AZKh PF OEZP OBIPDYFUS DCHHILFBTSOSHK ZHMYZEMSH, B PE DCHPTE - LITRYUOSCHE IPSKUFCHEOOOSCH RPUFTPKLY. zhBUBDSH JDBOYK HLTBIEOSCH BTIYFELFHTOSHCHNY DEFBMSNY, IBTBLFETOSHCHNY DMS LRPIY LMBUUYGYYNB. oERPDBMELH UPITBOYMUS VPMSHYPK RTPY'CHPDUFCHEOOSHK LPTRHU, RPUFEREOOP TBTHYBAEYKUS PF READING. FP PDOB Y ZPTPDULYI NBOKHZHBLFHT, PUOPCHBOOBS CH 1781 ZPDKH Y FBLTS RTYOBDMETSBCHYBS OELPZDB FENETYOSCHN. pVTBEBEF ABOUT UEVS CHOYNBOYE YDBOYE YLLTBUOPZP LAYTRYUB CH UFIME NPDETO, TBURPMPTSEOOPE H NPUFB YuETE TELKH FTHVETS (KhM. upchefulbs, 1). FP VSCCHYBS NHTSULBS ZYNOBYS, RPUFTPEOOBS CH RTEDTECHPMAGYPOOSCHE DEUSFIMEFIS RP RTPELFH BTIYFELFPTB n.e. FATYOB. chPRTPU P E U UFTPIFEMSHUFCHE YEM ZPDBNY Y TBTEYYMUS FPMSHLP RETED UBNPK ChPKOPK. zYNOBYA FBL YOE UNPZMY DPUFTPIFSh DBTS RTY OBYUYFEMSHOPK UHVUYDYY ENUFCHB OB OEYNEOYEN UTEDUFCH. pDOBLP OEPVVIPDYNPUFSH RPDPVOPZP HYUEVOPZP HUTETSDEOYS PLBBMBUSH CH FP CHTENS OBUFPMSHLP CHEMYLB, UFP UFTPIYFEMSHUFCHP BLBOYUYCHBMPUSH RPMOPUFSHHA ABOUT RPTSETFCCHPCHBOYS RETEUMBCHGECH. zhBUBDSH JDBOIS, HLTBIEOOSHCHE VEMPK MEROYOPK, DP UYI RPT RTBTSBAF UCHPEK RSHCHIOPUFSHHA. y UEZPDOS, FBL CE LBL Y UFPMEFYE OBBD, VSCCHYBS NHTSULBS ZYNOBYS CHSHCHRPMOSEF UCHPE OERPUTEDUFCHEOOPE RTEDOBOBBYEOOYE - DEUSH RPMHYUBAF OYOBOYS HUEOILY PVEEPVTBBPCHBFEM SHOPK ZPTPDULPK YLPMSCH N1.

ABOUT RTPFYCHPRMPTSOPK UFPTPOE HMYGSCH, YUHFSH MECHEEE, OBIPDYFUS VPMEE ULTPNOBS DCHHILFBTSOBS RPUFTPKLB LPOGB XIX CHELB. lPZDB-FP CH OEK Y CH ЪDBOY TSDPN TBURPMBZBMYUSH ZPTPDULPE Y RTYIPDULPE HYUYMYEB, B UEKYUBU — RETEUMBCHULYK HOYCHETUYFEF, PUOPCHBOOSCHK ABOUT VBE YOUFYFHFB RTPZTBNNO SHI UYUFEN tbo. eUMMY DCHYZBFSHUS DBMSHYE RP OBRTBCHMEOYA L nPULCHE, FP NPTsOP CHUFTEFYFSH EEE PYO PVTBEG ZPTPDULPK HUBDShVSHCH (KhM. upcheFULBS, 5). obtsdoshchk DETECHSOOSHCHK UFBTYOOSHCHK DPN, DP UYI RPT UPITBOYCHYK UCHPE PUVPPE PYUBTPCHBOYE, RTYOBDMETSBM TBOSHIE RETEUMBCHULPNKh ZHBVTYLBOFKh u.r. rBChMPCHH, rPYEFOPNKH ZTBTSDBOYOH RETEUMBCHMS. About the Red (RedrtiSfyshi Ruebfbmy Uyfgshch on the VHNBSISH FLBOSI, OP Kommersant for the VSMMu Blackspptimshopshophas of the Hubufine, the Ukhdshbby defect Yu Vechevi Usek. h OBYUBME XX CHELB WENSHEK rBCHMPCHSHI VSCHMB RPUFTPEOB FATENOBS GETLPCHSH Y CHSHCHRPMOEO TENPOPF VSCCHYEZP chMBDYNYTP-UTEFEOULPZP NPOBUFSHCHTS. OSHCHEE CH VSHCHCHYEK HUBDShVE TBURPMBZBEFUS BDNYOYUFTBGYS RETEUMBCHULPZP NHOYGYRBMSHOPZP PLTHZB. CHEMILPMEROP UPITBOYMPUSH DP OBYI DOK EEE PDOP DETECHSOOPE UFTPEOYE - VSCHYBS TSEOUULBS ZYNOBYS (HM. upchefulbs, 22). RPTSBMHK, FFP PDYO Y FEI TEDLYI UMHYUBECH, LPZDB RPUFTPKLY XIX CHELB, DB EEE Y DETECHSOOSHCHE, DPIPDSF DP OBU RTBLFYUEULY CH UCHPEN RETCHP'DBOOPN CHYDE. yOBYUBMSHOP CH BDOYY TBURPMBZBMPUSH TSEOUULPE HYUIMYEE, OP CH 1873 ZPDH ЪDEUSH PFLTSCHMBUSH TSEOUULBS RTPZYNOBYS. rPYEFOSCHN ZTBTSDBOYOPN ZPTPDB VSCHM Y LHREG b.b. chBTEOHHR. rtyobdmetsbchyyk uenshe chbteogpchshchi pupvosl tburpmtseo x ATsOPZP LTBS ЪENMSOSCHI CHPTPF y PVTBEBEF OB UEVS CHOYNBOYE UCHPEK LTBUPFPK (KhM. uppchefulbs, 41). USCHO bMELUES ​​bMELUBODTPCHYUB, CHMBDYNYT chBTEOGCHK, FBLTSE LBL Y PFEG, RTPTSYCHBCHYYK CH LFPN DPNE DP UBNPK TECHPMAGYY, PUFBCHYM OBYUYFEMSHOSHCHK UMED CH YUFPTYY ZPTPDB. LBL YUUMEDPCHBFEMSH ZHMPTSCH RETEUMBCHULPZP LTBS, PO UFBM PDOIN Y UPDBFEMEK EUFEUFCHEOOP-YUFPTYUEULPZP PFDEMB LTBECEDYUEULPZP NHES. b UEKYUBU PUPVOSL chBTEOGPCHSCHI SCHMSEFUS BDNYOYUFTBFICHOSCHN GEOPHTPN OBGIPOBMSHOPZP RBTLB "rMEEEEECHP PJETP".

UCHSBOP U TBCHYFYEN CH RETEUMBCHME NHEKOPZP DEMB Y EEE PDOP YDBOYE - DPN CHTBYUB chMBDYNYTB lBTMPCHYUB yYMMS (KhM. lBTDPCHULPZP, 33). PO BCHEEBM RETEDBFSH UCHPK DCHHILFBTSOSHK LBNEOOSHK PUPVOSL ZPTPDH. h LPOGE DELBVTS 1818 ZPDB RETCHSHCHK DYTELFPT RETEUMBCHULPZP NHES n.y. UNITOPCH DPVYMUS RETEDBYUY CH OBY ZPTPD YUBUFY LPMMELGYY LBTFYO, UPVTBOOSCHI LHRGPN y.r. UCHEYOYLPCHCHN. lBTFYOOHA ZBMETEA TEIEOP VSCHMP TBNEUFYFSH H LPNOBFBI PUPVOSLB. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY PLBBMPUSH, UFP DMS TBNEEEOYS CHUEI LURPOBFPCH NEUFB UMYYLPN NBMP. nHJEK VSCHM PFLTSCHF ABOUT FETTYFPTYY VSCHCHYEZP zPTYGLPZP NPOBUFSHTS, B PUPVOSL ChTBYUB yYMMS YuETE OELPFPTPE CHTENS UFBM PVSCHYUOSCHN TSYMSCHN DPNPN.

BUMBHTSYCHBEF CHOYNBOYS Y VSHCHCHYK UYTPFULYK RTYAF (HM. upCHEFULBS, 25), RPUFTPEOOSHK CH OBYUBME XX CHELB. yFP CHSHCHUPLPE DCHHILFBTSOPE YDBOYE Y LTBUOPZP LAYTRYUB, HLTBYEOOPE DELPTBFICHOSCHNY LMENEOFBNY VEMPZP GCHEFB. DPRMOEOOPE LPMPOOBNY, NBUUYCHONY OBMYUOYLBNY PLPO Y VBMLPON, POP YNEEF DPUFBFPYUOP CHEMYUEFCHEOOSHCHK CHYD. oEDBTPN UEZPDOS YNEOOP CH OEN TBURPMPTSEOB TBKPOOBS RTPLHTBFHTTB.

RETEUMBCHMSH Y EZP PLTEUFOPUFY CHUEZDB NBOIMY L UEVE RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK FCHPTYUEULPK YOFEMMYZEOGYY. YUFPTYS ZPTPDB OETBTSCHCHOP UCHSBOB U YNEOBNY b.n. vHIBTECHB, l.b. lPTCHYOB, b.w. uETCHB, f.j. yBMSRYOB, n.s. rTYYCHYOB. VPMSHYHA YUBUFSH UCHPEK TSYOY CH RETEUMBCHME RTCHEM FBMBOFMYCHSHCHK IHDPTSOIL, RTPZHEUUPT, DEKUFCHYFEMSHOSHCHK YUMEO BLBDENNY IHDPTSEUFCH Y PYO YЪ PUOPCHBFEMEK NHES-YBRPCHEDOILB d.o. lBTDPCHULYK. upITBOYMUS RTPUFPTOSHK DETECHSOOSCHK DPN, CH LPFPTPN PO TSYM Y TBVPFBM U 1915 ZPDB DP UBNPK UCHPEK UNETFY CH 1943 ZPDKh (KhM. nPULPCHULBS, 30). h UETEDYOE 50-I ZPDCH TEYOYEN DPUETY dNYFTYS OYLPMBECHYUB HUBDSHVB VSCHMB RETEDBOB iHDPTSEUFCHEOOPNKH ZHPODH uuut. rPDOEE TSDPN VSM RPUFTPEO GEMSCHK LPNRMELU: TSYMSHE LPTRHUB, NBUFETULYE, OBFHTOSHCHK LMBUU, UFPMPCHBS. h dPN FChPTYUEUFCHB YN. before. lBTDPCHULPZP U HDPCHPMSHUFCHYEN RTIETSBAF IHDPTSOYLY Y ULKHMSHRFPTSCH Y NOPZYI ZPTPDCH tPUUYY.

B RETCHHA RPMPCHYOH XX CHELB BTIYFELFHTTB RETEUMBCHMS OE RTEFETREMMB OBYUYFEMSHOSHCHI YNEOEOYK. TSDPCHBS ЪBUFTPKLB VSCHMB, CH PUOPCHOPN, DETECHSOOPC, ZPTPD RP-RTETSOENH RTPDPMTSBM TBUFSZYCHBFSHUS CHDPMSh DPTPZY nPULCB - sTPUMBCHMSh, ChPRTELY CHUEN UFTPIFEMSHOSHCHN RTPELFBN Y RM BOBN. teyyfemshosche YЪNEOEOYS OBYUBMYUSH FPMSHLP U UTEDOYOSCH XX CHELB CHNEUFE U ChPOYOLOPCHEOYEN LTHROSCHI RTEDRTYSFYK, CH PUOPCHOPN, INYYUEULPK Y MEZLPK RTPNSCHYMEOOPUFY. OPCHCHE NYLTPTTBKPOSHCH HTSOE VSCHMY RTYCHSBOSCHOY L PETTH rMEEEECHP, OY L UVBTYOOPNKh FPTZPCHPNKh RKhFY. FEN OE NEOEE, OEMSHЪS YuEFLP RTPCHEUFY ZTBOYGH NETsDH UFPMEFISNY — DETECSOOSCHE Y LBNEOOOSCHE DPNB RTPYMPZP CHELB SCHMSAFUS FBLPK CE ZBTNPOYUOPK YUBUFSHHA OBYEK TSYOY, LBL NOPZPFBTSLY Y BCHPDULYE LPTRHUB.

UPCTENEOOSHK RETEUMBCHMSH - FTEFIK RP CHEMYUOYOE ZPTPD stPUMBCHULPK PVMBUFY U OBUEMEOEN VPMEE 42 FSHCHUSYU YUEMPCHEL. dTECHOYE GETLCHY Y NPOBUFSHCHTY ЪDEUSH NYTOP UPUEDUFCHHAF U PCHTENEOOOSCHNY RPUFTPKLBNY. TBCHYCHBEFUS RTPNSCHYMEOOPUFSH, UYUFENB PVTBPCHBOYS, TBVPFBAF OBHYUOSCHE HUTETSDEOYS, RPUFEREOOP TBUYTSEFUS FHTYUFULBS YOZHTBUFTHLFHTTB ZPTPDB, RPCHPMSAEBS RTYOYNBFSH CHU E VPMSHIEEE LPMYUEUFCHP ZPUFEK. RETEUMBCHMSH-BMEUULYK CHIPDYF CH FHTNBTYTHF "UPMPFPE LPMSHGP tPUUYY", ETSEZPDOP EZP RPUEEBAF VPMEE 180,000 FHTYUFCH.