Administrative center of the Polish Voivodeship crossword puzzle 5 letters. Voivodeships of Poland: description, history, list and interesting facts

Poland

State in Central Europe. The population is more than 38.5 million people, the territory is 312,679 km², according to these two indicators it is the largest country in Central Europe. The capital is Warsaw. The official language is Polish. Located in the center of Europe. It is washed in the north by the Baltic Sea. It has a land border with Russia (Kaliningrad region), Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Germany. Administratively, Poland is divided into 16 voivodeships, voivodeships in turn are divided into powiats, and powiats into gminas.

Capital

The capital and largest city in Poland by population and territory. The area of ​​the city is 523 km², the population is 1,810,598 people.

Voivodeships and cities

Voivodeship located in eastern Poland. Population 5,299,300 people.

• Warsaw
• Radom - a city in central Poland, on the Mleczna River, 100 kilometers south of the country's capital Warsaw. Population: 227,309 people.
• Plock - a city in the Masovian Voivodeship of Poland. The population is 127 thousand inhabitants. The city is located on the Vistula approximately 100 km northwest of Warsaw.
• Siedlce - a city in eastern Poland (Mazovia Voivodeship), the distance to Warsaw is approximately 90 kilometers. Siedlce is the administrative center of Siedlce powiat, but is not part of it, having the status of a city powiat. The area of ​​the city is 32 km². The population exceeds 77 thousand people.

Voivodeship located in southwestern Poland. Population 2893 thousand inhabitants.

• Wroclaw - the historical capital of Silesia, a city with the rights of a powiat, one of the largest (the fourth most populous in Poland after Warsaw, Lodz and Krakow) and oldest cities in Poland, located on both banks of the middle Odra, in the Silesian Lowland. Population - 633 thousand people.
• Walbrzych - a city in Poland, one of the most important centers in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, the regional center of the Walbrzych powiat (district). Population 122,411 people.
• Legnica - a large city in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Western Poland. Population - 103.2 thousand inhabitants.
• Other major cities: Jelenia Gora, Lubin, Glogow, Świdnica

Voivodeship located in northern Poland. The center and largest cities are the cities of Bydgoszcz (location of the administration) and Toruń (location of the voivodeship sejmik). Population 2,098,370 people. The territory area is 17.969 km².

• Bydgoszcz - a city in Poland, the administrative center of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Residence of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivode and mayor of the Bydgoszcz powiat. Bydgoszcz has a population of 356,177 people.
• Torun - a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. The birthplace of Nicolaus Copernicus is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The city's population is 206,765 inhabitants. The “gingerbread” capital of Poland.
• Wloclawek - a city in Poland, in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Located on the Vistula at the confluence of the Zglowionczka River, the center of the diocese of the same name. Population is about 123 thousand people.
• Grudziadz - a city in Poland, part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Covers an area of ​​58.70 km². Population 99,578 people.
• Other major cities: Inowroclaw, Brodnica, Swiece, Chelmno

Voivodeship located in eastern Poland. The center and largest city is the city of Lublin. It borders in the east with Ukraine, in the northeast with Belarus, in the south with the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in the southwest with the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship and in the west and northwest with the Masovian Voivodeship. Population 2191 thousand people. The territory area is 25,122.5 km².

• Lublin - a large city in Poland, the administrative center of the Lublin Voivodeship. Located on the Lublin Upland, on the Bystrica River - the left tributary of the Wieprza. In Lublin, two rivers flow into the Bystrica - Cernejufka and Czehufka. The area of ​​the city is 147.5 km². Population - 348,450 inhabitants.
• Chelm - a city on the banks of the Uherka River, in southeastern Poland, as part of the Lublin Voivodeship of Poland, 25 km from the border with Ukraine. It is the center of the historical region of Kholmshchyna, the commune of Chelm and a city with the rights of a powiat. The city has a population of 72.6 thousand inhabitants.
• Zamość - a city in the Lublin Voivodeship of Poland, about 240 km southeast of Warsaw and 110 km northwest of Lviv. Since 1992, the Renaissance city center has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Biala Podlaska - a city in Poland, part of the Lublin Voivodeship. Covers an area of ​​49.46 km². Population 59,047 people.
• Other cities: Puławy, Krasnik, Bilgoraj

voivodeship located in western Poland. The center and largest towns are the cities of Zielona Góra (location of the voivodeship sejmik) and Gorzów Wielkopolski (location of the administration).
Population - 1009 thousand people. This is the most forested region in Poland (49% of the area is forest). The voivodeship received its name from the historical region of Lubusz Land. The territory area is 13,987.88 km².

• Zielona Gora - a city in Poland, one of two administrative centers of the Lubusz Voivodeship. Population - 117.5 thousand inhabitants.
• Gorzow Wielkopolski - a city in Poland, one of two administrative centers of the Lubusz Voivodeship. Population - 125.4 thousand inhabitants.

Voivodeship located in central Poland. The center and largest city is the city of Lodz. The territory area is 18,219 km². Population: 2,571,534 people.

• Lodz - one of the largest cities in Poland. Located in the center of the country, 120 kilometers southwest of Warsaw, it is the center of the Polish textile and electronics industry. The city's population is 770 thousand people.
• Other cities: Piotrkow Trybunalski, Pabianice, Tomaszow Mazowiecki, Belchatow, Zgierz

Voivodeship located in southern Poland. Center: Krakow. Population - about 3,298,270 people. The territory area is 15,108 km².

• Krakow - a city in Poland, on the left bank of the Vistula, which becomes navigable from here and hosts Rudawa here. 760 thousand inhabitants, with the nearest suburbs - 1.2 million. The second most populous city in Poland after Warsaw, slightly ahead of Lodz. Administrative center of Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
• Tarnow - a city with the rights of a poviat in Poland, part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Covers an area of ​​72.4 km². Population - 116,109 inhabitants.
• Nowy Sacz - a city in Poland, part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It has the status of a city district. Covers an area of ​​57.58 km². Population 84,594 people.
• Other cities: Nowy Targ, Zakopane

Voivodeship located in southwestern Poland. Population 1,037,088 people. The territory area is 9412.5 km².

• Opole - a city in Poland on the Oder River, the capital of the Opole Voivodeship. Cultural (philharmonic society, theater) and scientific (university, polytechnic institute) center of the region. Opole is one of the oldest cities in Poland. Population 128,864 people.
• Kedzierzyn-Kozle - a city in Poland, part of the Opole Voivodeship, the center of the Kedzierzyn-Kozel County (district). Covers an area of ​​123.42 km². Population 64,219 people.
• Other cities: Nysa, Brzeg, Kluczbork, Prudnik, Strzelce Opolskie

Voivodeship located in southeastern Poland, between the Vistula and San rivers, in the Sandomierz Basin and the foothills of the Carpathians. It borders on the south with Slovakia, on the east with Ukraine. Area 17.8 thousand km². Population 2,098 thousand people. The administrative center is Rzeszow.

• Rzeszow - a city in southeastern Poland, the administrative center of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Located on the Wisloka River. It is the administrative center of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Has poviat rights. Railway junction. Population 164 thousand inhabitants; in the agglomeration - 661 thousand. Area 68 km².
• Przemysl - a border town with the rights of a poviat in the south-east of Poland, located on the San River, near Ukraine - 12 km from the border. The population is about 67 thousand inhabitants. Przemysl is an important customs station on the Lviv - Krakow railway.
• Staleva-Vola - a city in Poland, part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Stałowowola County. It has the status of a city gmina. Covers an area of ​​82.41 km². Population 68,472 people.
• Mielec - a city in Poland, part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Mieleck County. Covers an area of ​​47.36 km². Population 62,954 people.
• Tarnobrzeg - a city in southeastern Poland, on the eastern bank of the Vistula. It has the status of a city district and a city commune. Covers an area of ​​85.6 km². The population is 49,419 people. It borders directly with Sandomierz.
• Other cities: Krosno, Dębica

Voivodeship located in northeastern Poland. The administrative center of the voivodeship is the city of Bialystok. The population is 1,197,610 people. The territory area is 20,180 km².

• Bialystok - a city in northeastern Poland, on the Suprasl River. Administrative center of Podlaskie Voivodeship. Population - 292,150 people.
• Suwalki - a city in Poland, part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship, Suwalki County. Covers an area of ​​65.24 km². Population - 69,527 people.
• Lomza - a city in Poland, part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It has the status of a city district. It has the status of a city gmina. Covers an area of ​​32.72 km². Population 62,946 people.
• Other cities: Augustow, Bielsk Podlaski, Zambrów, Grajewo, Hajnowka

Voivodeship located in northern Poland. The center and largest city is the city of Gdansk. Population 2192 thousand people.

• Gdansk - a city in northern Poland, the sixth most populous in the country (460,000 inhabitants). Together with neighboring Sopot and Gdynia, it forms the Tricity agglomeration - “Tricity” with a total population of over a million. Gdansk is a major port on the Baltic Sea, a center of industry, in particular petrochemical and mechanical engineering.
• Gdynia - city ​​in northern Poland. Population - 255.3 thousand inhabitants. Together with Gdańsk and Sopot it forms the Tricity agglomeration.
• Slupsk - a city in northern Poland, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Population 104,964 inhabitants.
• Tczew - Polish city located in the lower reaches of the Vistula River upstream from Gdansk. Center of Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship. It has the status of a city gmina. Covers an area of ​​22.26 km². Population 60,660 people.
• Other cities: Starogard Gdański, Wejherowo, Rumia, Sopot, Chojnice, Malbork, Kwidzyn, Lebork, Pruszcz Gdański, Kościerzyna

Voivodeship located in southeastern Poland. The center and largest city is Kielce. Population 1,281,796 people. It borders with 6 voivodeships: Mazowieckie in the north, Lublin in the east, Podkarpackie in the southeast, Lesser Poland in the south, Silesia in the southwest and Lodz in the northwest.

• Kielce - a city in central Poland, 170 kilometers south of the country's capital Warsaw. A large junction of roads and railways. Population - 209,962 people.

Voivodeship located in southern Poland. The center and largest city is Katowice. The population is 4,654,115 people.

• Katowice - a city in southern Poland in Upper Silesia, the capital of the Silesian Voivodeship. Founded in the 19th century. The population of Katowice is 321,163 people, and a total of 3,487,000 live in the agglomeration.

Voivodeship located in western Poland. The center and largest city is Poznan. The territory area is 29,826 km². Population: 3,419,426 people.

• Poznan - a city in the central part of western Poland, on the Warta River, the administrative center of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The fifth most populous city in Poland (607.5 thousand inhabitants).
• Kalisz - city ​​in the Greater Poland Voivodeship of Poland. Kalisz is the oldest city in Poland. It is also the center of the Kalisz commune and a city with the rights of a poviat (city district). Covers an area of ​​70 km². Population 108,841 people. The city is located on the Prosna River.
• Konin - a city in Poland, part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Covers an area of ​​82 km². Population 80,355 people.
• Saw - a city in Poland, part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, Piła County. Covers an area of ​​102.68 km². Population 75,144 people.
• Ostrow Wielkopolski - a city in Poland, part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship. It has the status of a city gmina. Covers an area of ​​42.39 km². Population 72,672 people.
• Other cities: Gniezno, Leszno, Srem, Turek, Krotoszyn, Swarzedz, Wrzesnia, Lubon, Jarocin

Voivodeship located in northern Poland. The center and largest city is Olsztyn. Population - 1,451,700 people. The territory area is 24,173 km².

• Olsztyn - a city in northern Poland in the center of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship on the Łyna River, is the administrative center of the Voivodeship. Population: 176,387 people.
• Elk - a city in Poland, part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Ełk County. It has the status of a city gmina. Covers an area of ​​21.07 km². Population 56,522 people.
• Elblag - a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of Poland. Located near the border with Russia (Kaliningrad region), related to the cities of Kaliningrad and Baltiysk. The Elbląg Canal runs near the city. Population 123,977 people.
• Other cities: Iława, Ostróda, Giżycko, Kętrzyn, Szczytno, Bartoszyce, Mragowo

Voivodeship located in northwestern Poland. The center and largest city is Szczecin. Formed on the territory of the former Szczecin and Koszalin voivodeships. It borders in the west with Germany, in the north it is washed by the waters of the Baltic Sea, in the northeast - with the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the southeast - with the Wielkopolska Voivodeship, and in the south - with the Lubusz Voivodeship. Population - 1694 thousand people. The territory area is 22,892.48 km².

• Szczecin - a city in northwestern Poland with a population of 411 thousand people, the 7th largest city in Poland, the capital of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.
• Koszalin - a city in Poland, in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Located 5 km from the Baltic Sea coast. The population of the city is 109,183 people.
• Stargard-Szczecinski - a city in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland, located on the Ina River 36 km southeast of Szczecin. Population 71,017 people.
• Other cities: Kolobrzeg, Swinoujscie, Szczecinek, Police, Walcz, Bialogard, Goleniow, Gryfino

Poland was divided into voivodeships in the Middle Ages. Their names and quantities changed periodically. Now nothing has changed for many years. To understand the geographical position of Poland, it is necessary to know which sides certain voivodeships are located on.

Let's start with the fact that this is an administrative unit of a specific district in the Polish state. To make it clearer, this is the same as our regions or provinces. Each Voivodeship solves the problems of its own district only. These could be financial issues, education, investments, accommodation, etc.

By the way, each voivodeship has its own capital - a city in which the self-government body, the Sejm and the voivode are located. The Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubuskie voivodeships are especially worth noting. These administrative units have two capitals, one of which contains the voivode, and the other the self-government body and the Sejm. Thus, in Bydgoszcz in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship there is a voivode, and in Torun there is a Sejm and self-government bodies. But in the Lubuskie Voivodeship, the voivode is located in the city of Gorzow Wielkopolski, and the Sejm and self-government bodies are located in the city of Zielona Gora. The capitals of the remaining voivodeships of Poland can be found on the map.

A little history

Today, the Republic of Poland is divided into 16 voivodeships, but this number of administrative units was not always there. Their number varied from 49 to 14. The largest number of voivodeships in Poland - 49, existed from 1975 to 1998. The smallest number of voivodeships - 14, existed in the period from 1946 to 1950.

From 1582 to 1634, there were 34 voivodeships in Poland, in 1634 another one appeared, and all 35 voivodeships existed until 1660. Afterwards, two voivodeships were abolished and until 1768 Poland was divided into 33 administrative units.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, Poland again began to recover and come to its senses. But at the end of the war in 1945, there were 11 voivodeships in the country, and in 1946 there were already 10, then 14, then 17 and 49. And only in 1999, the country’s authorities carried out an administrative reform, according to which the Republic of Poland was divided into 16 voivodeships.

Lublin (Lubelskie) Voivodeship

The capital of this voivodeship is the city of Lublin. It has an ancient and interesting history. Knight tournaments often take place here. There is also an Old Market in Lublin, where citizens can buy any item they like. Sometimes there are very good discounts.

In Lublin and the cities closest to it, food such as tsybulyaki is in demand. This is a flatbread in which poppy seeds and onions are wrapped. Sometimes other ingredients are added to taste. The result is a flavorful and original dish. Pralines are also often served at the table in Lublin. This is ground ginger fried in sugar. It has an amazing bittersweet taste.

Lublin has many medieval monuments, beautiful forests, the Carpathian Mountains and nature reserves. Tourists often come here to admire the local attractions.

Greater Poland Voivodeship

This Voivodeship is considered the second largest in Poland and the third largest in terms of population. There is an unusually colorful culture, amazing Baroque architecture and many other attractions.

There are 109 cities in this Voivodeship. The largest of them are Poznan, Leszno, Konin. The population of the Voivodeship is very large, but a quarter of the land is covered by forests. Also in this area there are almost 1000 lakes, not only small, but also large.

Subcarpathian Voivodeship

This region was created back in 1999. It ranks 9th in terms of population. This is a tourist region where citizens from all over the world come. It is believed that here are the most favorable climatic conditions for health improvement.

There are more than 70 nature reserves and 10 natural parks here. Subcarpathian Voivodeship is one of the cleanest regions and there are a lot of resorts. That's why many tourists come here.

Masovian Voivodeship

This is one of the large regions. The capital of Masovian Voivodeship is Warsaw. There are a lot of historical monuments and attractions here. There are many beautiful palaces, pure forests and ancient villages in the Masovian Voivodeship.

Pomeranian Voivodeship

The most picturesque Voivodeship. There is Lake Chazhikovskoe, for which not only residents of the country, but also tourists often come. Citizens stay in clean and comfortable boarding houses.

Tourists also come here for the sand dunes, where they can relax and have fun. You can visit cities such as Gdansk, Gdynia or Lebu. These are ancient and very beautiful places.

Opole Voivodeship

This is a very small region of all. However, he has something to brag about to his brothers. Opole is the capital of the Voivodeship. There are many cities here that are famous for trade and wonderful things that you can buy as souvenirs.

There are many interesting sights in the Opole Voivodeship. This is the town hall, the cathedral, monasteries, temples, towers, rivers. The capital itself often hosts festivals of Polish music. All of the above attractions are a godsend for tourists.

Major cities of Polish voivodeships

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1) In the final part of the walk around Bialystok we will see the central Lipovaya Street, which during the times of the Russian Empire was considered the most prestigious if someone’s mansion of a Polish lord or Russian nobleman was located there, and simply the city itself, which I will no longer label “ sleeping areas" or "historical center". It's all together here now.
“Let’s go,” as Max says at the beginning of each “+100500” program.

2) Soon after my visit, my fellow student in the RUDN philosophy group Katya Nadezhkina and her husband Nikolai visited Bialystok. This is what Nikolai wrote: “Bialystok is beautiful, I was amazed by the smell, it smells very tasty everywhere, I’ve never seen anything like it. Overall, I really liked Bialystok. We got lost there at night and my grandmother took us out, walked with us for probably 3 kilometers and then back, like I’m a local, I’ll get there and you’ll get completely lost.” Bialystok is the only large city north-east of Warsaw; around it, in the very outback of Podlaskie Voivodeship, I saw several villages with wooden black churches, most likely Catholic ones. It was an extremely interesting find, which I didn’t photograph, now it’s a shame. Maybe I should have gotten off the bus, but the uncertainty about crossing the border of the Kaliningrad region of Russia was very tormenting at that time. Fortunately, in the city of Suwalki there was free Wi-Fi at the bus station, thanks to which I read that at the Goldap-Gusev border crossing it is possible to cross the border on foot. That's where I went. There are also 2 omissions in Bialystok: I never saw the Belarusian Orthodox Church and the gorgeous Baroque church 1 km from it. The city is not small, the population is just under 300,000 people.

3) Sculpture "Washerwomen" ("Praczki"). The sculptural group represents three women doing laundry on their knees, commissioned by the then governor of Bialystok in 1938 by sculptor Stanislaw Gorno-Poplawski.

4)

5) An extension to the Branitsky Palace, where the Medical Institute is now, which I already wrote about here.

6) "Józef Piłsudski Square".

7) "Lover's Alley".

8) Interwar architecture represented by the Drama Theater. Alexandra Vengerki, built in 1933-38. designed by the architect Yaroslav Girin as the People's House named after. Jozef Piłsudski. At the end of construction, it was decided to build a City Theater here instead of a cultural center.

9) This building is connected with events in world history: on August 23, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was signed with a secret protocol on the division of spheres of influence in Eastern Europe between Germany and the USSR after unsuccessful attempts by the Soviet Union to stop German aggression against the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia, when as a result of the Munich Treaty with the connivance of England and France, Czechoslovakia was forced to transfer the northwestern territories to Nazi Germany (it was Poland that did not allow the Soviet military contingent to Prague, interestingly, Poland itself in the 1920s tore the Vilna region from Lithuania, a little-mentioned fact in political battles, By the way); On September 1, 1939, Germany attacks Poland, and on September 17, the USSR annexes/returns Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. And it was here in Bialystok in this theater building on October 28-30, 1939 that the so-called. People's Assembly. Nearly 1,000 delegates adopted a declaration here on the entry of Western Belarus into the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.

10) On the left is a freight train - an indirect memory of Katyn, when, after the annexation of Bialystok and the Polish eastern territories to the USSR, many Polish citizens were exiled to Siberia and Kazakhstan, sent precisely on these freight trains. I myself am half-Pole by nationality and wanted to find out more about my Polish roots, for this I need to go to Konotop, Sumy region of Ukraine, where my grandfather was born, and where my great-grandfather was repressed in 1937 from Ternopil - nothing else is known, alas.

11)

12) Square named after. The Home Army, subordinate to the Polish government in exile and the supreme commander of the Polish armed forces, located in Great Britain. The main goal of the AK was the restoration of the Polish state with the support of Great Britain and the United States. The AK was preparing for a general uprising at the moment the front approached or in the event of a general collapse of the German armed forces. In relation to the USSR, AK commander Division General Stefan Rowecki proceeded from the concept of two enemies, according to which Germany and Russia, drained of blood by a long confrontation, should have lost the opportunity for further military action, which would have allowed AK, with the support of Great Britain and the USA, to raise a victorious nationwide uprising.
Refusal to cooperate with the USSR-backed Ludowa Army and the advancing Red Army in the summer of 1944 became the main reason for the defeat of the Warsaw Uprising, during which about 150,000 Home Army rebels died and 7,000 went missing, 85% of Warsaw was destroyed (a fate painfully similar to Kaliningrad ). Hitler instructed SS Reisführer Heinrich Himmler to suppress the uprising. Himmler immediately gave the order to kill all residents of Warsaw - regardless of whether they were rebels, children, women, old people - and to raze the city itself to the ground.
This is also a painful point in Russian-Polish relations, when they now blame the USSR and I. Stalin, who ordered the troops to stop in front of the Vistula River on the approaches to Warsaw, given that the Soviet army covered 700-800 km in 3 months during Operation Bagration not without losses.

13) Steep bike path through White Creek

14) This is a guest house at the palace of Jan Klemens Branicki. Here he is, a man who has invested his money and love in the place in which he lives.

15) Factory.

16)

17) Hotel building.

18) The building of the cultural center of Belarus in Bialystok, the so-called. "cultural partnership of Belarusian citizens."

19)

20) A direct trace of the Russian Empire - the modern building of the historical museum of Bialystok in the Podlasie region with a collection of coins of 16,000 pieces. By the way, in Poland it is Russian royal coins that are highly valued. I have several friends in Klintsy who, with metal detectors, travel through abandoned Old Believer villages and look for old coins in the gardens. In Klintsy they are sold for 30-300 rubles/piece, in Moscow 100-500, in Poland I saw simple copper coins of the late 19th century on numismatic sites for 1500 rubles.

21)

22)

23) Varshavskaya street.

24) Neon signs from the Polish People's Republic era.

25) Poles.

26) Bialystok State University, Faculty of Economics and Management (here, feel the Polish language - Wydział Ekonomii i Zarządzania Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku).

27) Interwar.

28) Now for a change it’s a sleeping area.

29) Klintsy city, Voroshilova street, 52

30) I will say this, meeting LADA 2110 in Poland is a great success. I came across statistics on sales of LADA cars in Poland in the 2000s, according to which 30 cars were sold in this country per year. 30 Ladas per year for 38 million in the country. Can’t compare with Belarus, where they sell 2000 LADAs per year for 9.5 million, 6000-9000 in Egypt for 90 million people or 2000 in Germany for 81 million people... or 100 VAZ cars in Finland for 5 million .of the country's population. By the way, in Lithuania and Estonia they now sell 2-3 LADA cars per 3 and 1.2 million populations of these countries.

31) Well, “Ten” looks good on a Polish courtyard. I once made a selection of our cars seen in other countries outside the CIS, at that time I photographed cars in Egypt, Germany and Finland, now I would also add Iraq, Vietnam and Poland.

32)

33) GDR Wartburg passenger car, produced in 1965-1988.

34) Trash.

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36) From the residential area we will walk along the once fashionable Lipovaya Street. Once upon a time, linden trees grew here along the entire street, but now there are few trees. Once upon a time, on a wave of easy money, local Jewish cloth manufacturers built villas here that were luxurious by the standards of the county town - but the Second World War made an effort. The street suffered very seriously during the German occupation, and then after the war the authorities of the Polish People's Republic decided not to restore the historical buildings or even stylize them as modern ones, as was done on Rynok Square. Thus, quite large, mostly residential buildings of “socialist realist architecture” appeared along Lipovaya.

41) Service in the church.

42) A small sample of the Esperanto language.
This is what Bialystok I saw turned out to be, the first part about which caused a heated debate with a Russian-speaking citizen of Lithuania, and subsequent posts only had the format of a guidebook. I saw all this in 1 day, starting from my arrival in the morning of June 20 on my birthday in Grodno, then at 10.00 already in the Polish voivodeship center, and walked until 21.00 :))