Like the highest mountain. The highest mountain in the world - what it is and where it is located

What do you know about the highest peak in the world? That it's called Everest. Some will also remember the alternative name - Chomolungma. Can you tell me the height? At least approximately. Where is it located? Also no? Then once again we will talk about the highest mountains on Earth.

The undisputed leader in terms of height, this mountain, like a magnet, attracts professional climbers, beginners and people simply thirsty for extreme sports from all over the world. Climbing it is the cherished dream of everyone who has made at least one climb to any other peak. And today thousands of people every year make this dream come true.

Everest with routes and key points

brief information. Chomolungma, also known as Everest, also known as Sagarmatha, is the highest peak in the world. Its peak reaches a height of 8848 meters. Belongs to the Himalaya mountain system, divided between China and Nepal. Most of the climbing takes place from the Nepal side. It takes about two hours for an ordinary person to walk 7 kilometers 200 meters. Here you need to climb up rocky slopes in cold, and even thin air. It’s still a test, but every year thousands of people decide to take it. Not all of them reach the top. Not everyone returns home. Many die in the process.

Despite this, organizing the climb to Everest has now become a profitable business. Nowadays, solo climbers are rare; most often people turn to special companies that assign guides, conductors, instructors, doctors to them, select equipment, purchase licenses for climbing, provisions, and medicines. In this case, the recovery may take up to two months. This time is needed for acclimatization, which is carried out at critical points. This pleasure is not cheap. On average, a tourist spends 65 thousand dollars for a climb. But he exchanges them for unforgettable impressions.

The second highest mountain peak, Chogori, is inferior to Everest, but not by much - 8611 meters. It belongs to the Karakoram mountain system and is located on the border of China and Pakistan. This is the northernmost eight-thousander and the most inhospitable. It is much more difficult to climb it than the almost lived-in Everest, surrounded by well-functioning service. Despite the fact that the mountain is the second highest, it is climbed much less often, and the risk is much higher. For example, no one has yet managed to conquer it in winter. The mortality rate among climbers is staggering: about 30%. True, it is calculated not from the total number of tourists, but in comparison with the number of people who reached the top.

The third highest mountain has a height of 8586 meters. It was divided between Nepal and India, and it belongs to the same Himalayas as Everest, but is located a little to the south. Kanchenjunga translated into Russian means “five treasures of the great snows,” and this is not just an artistic image: it is divided into five independent peaks, of which only one is below 8000 meters, and then only 100. This mountain is especially familiar to fans of Nicholas’s work Roerich, because she was one of his main sources of inspiration and was repeatedly depicted on his canvases.

Another eight-thousander, and again from the Himalayas. It is also divided into two states already familiar to us - Nepal and China. The name of this mountain is “South Peak”, which has some meaning. It is, indeed, located a little south of the famous Everest. It is connected to it by the famous South Col pass. The other side - the South Wall - is steep. By the way, she was conquered only once. In 1990, the Soviet Union assembled a powerful expedition of 17 climbers. Only two of them reached the top, the rest provided them with a safe ascent, but an unprecedented result could only be achieved through joint team efforts. The mountain is divided into three peaks with heights of 8516, 8414 and 8383 meters, respectively.

Again the border between China and Nepal, again the same mountain range. The Himalayas are the leaders in the number of high peaks and Makalu is another confirmation. The height of this mountain is 8485 meters. It is believed that of all the eight-thousanders, this is the heaviest. Only less than a third of all expeditions reach the top, and most have to turn off halfway. The “black giant” (this is how the name of the mountain is translated) is not particularly kind to climbers.

This is the sixth highest eight-thousander. You can guess the rest yourself: Nepal-China, Himalayas, height – 8201 meters. Accordingly, you can climb it from both one and the other side. But, if on the Nepal side you have to face a very difficult wall, which not everyone can overcome, then on the Tibet side there is a convenient pass that makes Cho-oyu one of the most convenient eight-thousanders for climbing.

Reading the name of this mountain the first time is already a task, and only a few manage to climb it. " White Mountain" - one of the most massive. It is divided into 11 peaks, however, only one was able to overcome the eight-thousandth mark - Dhaulagiri I. By the way, for some time it was Dhaulagiri that was considered the highest peak in the world. True, this was a long time ago, from 1808 to 1832.

This is already the eighth eight-thousander, but we still have the same thing: the Himalaya mountain range, but, for a change, it belongs entirely to Nepal. “Mountain of Spirits” is how its name is translated. This sacred place. Perhaps this is why climbing is considered quite dangerous, and the mortality rate reaches 18% even today. The mountain has three peaks, the highest of which rises to 8156 meters.

For a change, the mountain is located in Pakistan, although it belongs to the already well-known Himalayas. It is divided into 4 peaks, of which the highest is 8125 meters. “Naked Mountain”, “Mountain of the Gods” - it’s all about the ninth eight-thousander. It is considered one of the most difficult to climb due to the climatic conditions and bare sheer peaks. The situation is complicated by the unsettled situation in the country. So, in 2013, a real tragedy occurred when militants attacked a climbers’ camp. 10 people died, including three Kharkov residents. Not surprisingly, the mortality rate is 22%.

Our list ends with another eight-thousander, the most dangerous. The mortality rate is 41%. The name of the mountain translates as “Goddess of Fertility,” but apparently this goddess requires human sacrifice. However, the number of climbers willing to climb its 8091-meter peak is sufficient.

These are the ten highest mountains and the first of 14 eight-thousanders. Several people have already managed to conquer them all, and thousands more dream of it. Perhaps you are among them.

This rating will feature mountain peaks that are more than 8 kilometers high. Such mountains are called " eight-thousanders", there are 14 of them in the world, all of them are located in Asia, namely in two neighboring mountain systems: the Himalayas and the Karakoram.
The most famous and highest mountain system in the world is the Himalayas, which contains 10 eight-thousanders. To understand why this area of ​​the Earth became what it is today, we need to look back 120 million years, when the Indian subcontinent broke away from the supercontinent Gondwana and began moving north at a speed of 5 centimeters per year. 80 million years ago, Hindustan accelerated three times, up to 15 centimeters per year. It moved until it collided with Eurasia, and the Himalayas were formed where two tectonic plates met. To visit the Himalayas, you need to go to one of the following countries: India, Nepal, China (Tibet), Pakistan or Bhutan.
The second highest mountain system, the Karakoram, where 4 eight-thousanders are located, is located in the northwest of the western chain of the Himalayas and spans three countries: India, Pakistan, China (Tibet and Xinjiang).
Next is a rating that presents the highest mountains in the world, their location and the year they were first conquered.

14th place. Shishabangma(Himalayas). Height 8027 m. The mountain is located in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. This mountain peak was first conquered by a Chinese expedition in 1964 led by Xiu Jing.

13th place. Gasherbrum II(Karakorum). Height 8035 m. The peak is located in Kashmir, in the Pakistani-controlled Northern Territories on the border with China (Tibet Autonomous Region). The first ascent of the mountain was made by climbers Fritz Moravec, Hans Willenpart, Sepp Larch (Austria) in 1956.

12th place. Broad Peak(Karakorum). Height 8051 m. Located in Kashmir, in the Pakistani-controlled Northern Territories on the border with China (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). The first ascent of the mountain was in 1957 by an Austrian expedition consisting of Fritz Wintersteller, Markus Schmuck, Kurt Diemberger and Hermann Buhl.

11th place. Gasherbrum I(Karakorum). Height 8080 m. The peak is located in Kashmir, in the Pakistani-controlled Northern Territories on the border with China (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). In 1958, members of the American expedition Peter Schöning and Andrew Kaufman made the first ever ascent of the mountain along the southeastern ridge.

10th place. Annapurna I(Himalayas). Height 8091 m. The peak is located in Nepal. Annapurna became the first eight-thousand-meter mountain to be conquered by man. French climbers Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal climbed it in 1950.

9th place. Nangaparbat(Himalayas). Height 8125 m. The peak is located in the northwestern tip of the Western Himalayas between the Indus and Astor rivers, in Kashmir, in the Pakistan-controlled Northern Territories. The first successful ascent of the mountain was made in 1953 by the Austrian Hermann Buhl. This was an episode that had no analogues in the history of conquest of eight-thousanders until that time: Buhl reached the summit alone. It is also worth noting that Hermann Buhl conquered Nanga Parbat without the use of oxygen.

8th place. Manaslu(Himalayas). Height 8156 m. The peak is located in Nepal. The first ascent of the mountain took place in 1956 by the Japanese Toshio Imanishi and the Sherpa (Sherpas are a people living in Eastern Nepal, as well as in India) Gyalzen Norbu.

7th place. Dhaulagiri I(Himalayas). Height 8167 m. The peak is located in Nepal. In 1960, the Swiss-Austrian expedition of Diemberger, Diener, Schelbert, Forer and the Nawang and Nyima Sherpas conquered the mountain for the first time.

6th place. Cho Oyu(Himalayas). Height 8201 m. Located on the border of Nepal with China (Tibet Autonomous Region). In 1954, the first ascent took place, made by members of the Austrian expedition Herbert Tichy, Joseph Joechler and Sherpa Pazang Dawa Lama.

5th place. Makalu(Himalayas). Height 8485 m. The mountain peak is located on the border of Nepal with China (Tibet Autonomous Region). In 1955, a French expedition led by Jean Franco achieved success by climbing the mountain along the northern route. On May 15-17, three groups climb Makalu in a total of 9 people - all members of the expedition and the sirdar (leader of the Sherpa group).

4th place. Lhotse(Himalayas). Height 8516 m. Located on the border of Nepal with China (Tibet Autonomous Region) 3 km south of Everest and separated from it by the South Col pass. The first ascent to the top of Lhotse Main was made in 1956 by the Swiss Ernst Reiss and Fritz Luchsinger.

Lhotse (right) and Everest

3rd place. Kanchenjunga(Himalayas). Height 8586 m. Until 1852, Kanchenjunga was considered the highest mountain in the world, but then calculations showed that Everest is higher, and Kanchenjunga is the third highest peak. Located on the border of Nepal and India (Sikkim state). The first successful ascent of the mountain was made on May 25, 1955 by members of the British expedition George Band and Joe Brown. Kanchenjunga was one of Nicholas Roerich's favorite themes in painting.

2nd place. Chogori(Karakorum), also known as K2 (this site runs on a Joomla component named after the mountain). Height 8611 m. This is the highest mountain peak of the Karakoram. It is located on the border of Kashmir (Pakistan-controlled Northern Territories) and China (Xinjiang). The first to reach the top of K2 was an Italian expedition in 1954 led by Ardito Desio.

1 place. Chomolungma(Himalayas), also known as Everest. Chomolungma in Tibetan means “mistress of the winds.” As for the English name Everest, it was given in honor of Sir George Everest, head of the geodetic survey of British India in 1830-1843. The first to determine that Qomolungma is the highest mountain peak on Earth was the Indian mathematician and topographer Radhanath Sikdar in 1852, based on trigonometric calculations, when he was in India 240 km from Qomolungma. The height of this greatest mountain peak in the world is 8848 meters. Chomolungma is located in China, namely in Tibet, on the border with Nepal. At the top of Chomolungma there are strong winds, blowing at speeds of up to 55 m/s. The average monthly air temperature in January is -36 °C (on some nights it can drop to -50...−60 °C), in July it is about zero °C. The first ascent of Everest was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary. The climbers used oxygen devices. More than 30 Sherpas took part in the expedition.

The process of formation of mountains on Earth lasts millions of years. They arise from collisions of huge tectonic plates that make up the earth's crust.

Today we will get acquainted with the highest mountains on 6 continents and see how they look against the backdrop of the highest mountain peaks in the world - the “eight thousand meters”, whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters.

How many continents are there on Earth? Sometimes they think that Europe and Asia are 2 different continents, although they represent one continent:

Before we start talking about the tallest mountains on the 6 continents, let's take a look at the overall chart of the tallest peaks on Earth.

"Eight-thousanders" is the common name for the 14 highest mountain peaks in the world, whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters. They are all in Asia. Conquering all 14 "eight-thousanders" of the planet - conquering the "Crown of the Earth" - is a great achievement in high-altitude mountaineering. As of July 2012, only 30 climbers managed to do this. (Clickable, 2010×810 px):

North America - Mount McKinley, 6,194 m

This highest double-headed mountain North America, named after the 25th President of the United States. Located in Alaska.

Mount McKinley, view from national park Denali:

The first ascent of the main summit of McKinley took place on June 7, 1913. There are 5 large glaciers on the slopes of the mountain.

South America - Mount Aconcagua, 6,962 m

This highest point American continent, South America, as well as the western and southern hemispheres. They belong to the longest mountain range in the world - the Andes.

The mountain is located in Argentina and means "Stone Guardian" in the Quechua language. Aconcagua is the largest extinct volcano on our planet.

In mountaineering, Aconcagua is considered a technically easy mountain if you climb along the northern slope.

The first recorded ascent of the mountain was in 1897.

Europe – Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m

This stratovolcano in the Caucasus is the highest peak in Russia. Considering that the border between Europe and Asia is ambiguous, Elbrus is often also called the highest European mountain peak. (Clickable, 2500×663 px):

Elbrus is a two-headed volcano with a saddle. The Western peak has a height of 5,642 m, the Eastern - 5,621 m. The last eruption dates back to 50 AD...

In those days, the eruptions of Elbrus were probably reminiscent of the eruptions of modern Vesuvius, but were more powerful. From the craters of the volcano at the beginning of the eruption, powerful clouds of vapors and gases, saturated with black ash, rose many kilometers upward, covering the entire sky, turning day into night. The earth shook from powerful tremors.

Nowadays, both peaks of Elbrus are covered with eternal snow and ice. On the slopes of Elbrus, 23 glaciers diverge in different directions. The average speed of glacier movement is about 0.5 meters per day.

The first successful ascent to one of the peaks of Elbrus was made in 1829. The average annual death toll during climbing on Elbrus is 15-30 people. (Clickable, 1650×630 px):

Everest (Chomolungma) is the top of our world! The first highest eight-thousander and the highest mountain on Earth.

The mountain is located in the Himalayas in the Mahalangur Himal range, with the Southern peak (8760 m) lying on the border of Nepal, and the Northern (main) peak (8848 m) located in China.

Everest has the shape of a triangular pyramid. At the top of Chomolungma there are strong winds blowing at speeds of up to 200 km/h, and the air temperature at night drops to -60 Celsius.

The first ascent to the top of Everest took place in 1953. From the first ascent to the summit until 2011, more than 200 people died on the slopes of Everest. Now the climb to the top takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and setting up camps.

View from space:

Climbing Everest is not only extremely dangerous, but also expensive: the cost of climbing in specialized groups is up to 65 thousand US dollars, and the climbing permit alone, issued by the Nepalese government, costs 10 thousand dollars

Australia and Oceania - Mount Puncak Jaya, 4884 m

The highest peak of Australia and Oceania, which is located on the island of New Guinea. It is located on the Australian Plate and is the highest mountain in the world located on an island.

The mountain was discovered in 1623 by Dutch explorer Jan Carstens, who saw a glacier on the top from afar. Therefore, the mountain is sometimes called the Carstens Pyramid.

The first ascent of Puncak Jaya took place only in 1962. The name of the mountain roughly translates from Indonesian as “Victory Peak.”

These are the highest mountains in Antarctica. The existence of the mountain range became known only in 1957. Since the mountains were discovered by American aircraft, they were subsequently named Vinson Massif, in honor of the famous American politician Carl Vinson.

View of Vinson Massif from space:

It is the highest point in Africa, a huge dormant volcano with two well-defined peaks in northeastern Tanzania. The mountain has no documented eruptions, but local legends speak of volcanic activity 150-200 years ago.

The higher one is the peak of Kibo, an almost regular cone with powerful glaciation.

The name comes from the Swahili language and supposedly means "mountain that sparkles."

The snow cap that has covered the mountaintop for 11,000 years since the last Ice Age is rapidly melting. Over the past 100 years, the volume of snow and ice has decreased by more than 80%. It is believed that this is not caused by a change in temperature, but by a reduction in snowfall.

The highest peak in Africa was first conquered by German explorer Hans Meyer in 1889.

Amazingly beautiful snow-capped peaks, which are conquered only by the most courageous climbers, still remain perhaps the most impressive sight on the planet. Below is a list of the ten highest mountains on planet Earth.

Annapurna I - 8091 meters

Annapurna I is the highest peak of the mountain range in the Himalayas. The first of fourteen eight-thousanders to be conquered by man. French climbers Louis Lachenal and Maurice Herzog were the first to summit Annapurna I in 1950. It is considered the most dangerous to climb among the eight-thousanders.

Nangaparbat - 8125 meters

Mount Nanga Parbat is also known as Diamir. Located in the northwest of the Himalayas. It ranks third among the most dangerous eight-thousanders for climbing. The Austrian climber Hermann Buhl reached the summit for the first time on July 3, 1953.

Manaslu - 8156 meters

Manaslu is a mountain in the Himalayas that is part of the Mansiri Himal massif, which is located in Nepal. T. Imanisi and G. Norbu climbed to the summit for the first time on May 9, 1956.

Dhaulagiri - 8167 meters

Dhaulagiri is a mountain range in the Himalayas located in central Nepal. The peak was first conquered by a Swiss-Austrian expedition on May 13, 1960.

Cho Oyu - 8201 meters

Mount Cho Oyu is located on the Nepal-China border. For the first time, J. Yoechler, H. Tihi, Pasang Dawa Lama climbed to the top of Cho Oyu on October 19, 1954.

Makalu - 8485 meters

Mount Makalu is located on the border between China and Nepal. It ranks second in terms of difficulty of climbing among eight-thousanders. It was first conquered by French climbers Lionel Terrail and Jean Cousy on May 15, 1955.

Lhotse - 8516 meters

Mount Lhotse is also located on the border between China and Nepal. The summit of the fourth 8,000-meter peak was first conquered by Swiss climbers Ernst Reiss and Fritz Luchsinger on May 18, 1956.

Kanchenjunga - 8586 meters

In third place in the ranking of the highest mountains on Earth is Kanchenjunga, a mountain range located on the border of Nepal and India. For the first time, British expedition members George Band and Joe Brown managed to successfully climb to the top of Kanchenjunga on May 25, 1955.

Chogori (K2) - 8614 meters

Mount Chogori is located on the border of Kashmir and China. The first to conquer the peak were Italian climbers Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli on July 31, 1954.

Chomolungma - 8848 meters

Chomolungma, also known as Everest, is the highest peak on planet Earth and is located in China. Included in the list of natural wonders of the world. New Zealand explorer Edmund Hillary and Nepalese climber Tenzing Norgay were the first to climb to the top of Qomolangma on May 29, 1953.

Mount Chomolungma (Everest, Sagarmatha) rises above Asia at 8,848 meters above sea level and is the highest mountain on the planet. This peak is considered an amazingly beautiful, and at the same time, tragic place in the world. Rocky silhouette legendary mountain tends to attract brave conquerors who strive to get to the top at the cost of superhuman efforts, and even their own lives. The mountain is located on the border of China and Nepal and belongs to the Himalaya mountain system.

The summit of Everest consists almost entirely of sediments that previously covered the bottom of the ancient ocean. Modern scientists have discovered fossils of shells and sea animals on Everest, which testifies in favor of a theory that proves the location of this area in ancient times below sea level.

What does Chomolungma look like?

Everest's shape resembles a triangular pyramid. All three of its slopes are characterized by the presence of extremely steep slopes. Two slopes are completely covered with glaciers, while the southern one is steep to such an extent that neither snow nor ice can support it. For this reason he is always naked. The connection of the slopes with each other occurs through almost straight ridges that stretch towards the west, southeast and south.

Climate of the summit of Mount Everest

The climate at the top of Mount Everest is quite inhospitable. Wind speeds can reach up to 80 meters per second or more. There are often storms and strong winds. Air temperatures can drop to -60 degrees Celsius. In summer it is a little warmer at the top of the mountain - on average -19 degrees in July. The air temperature there does not rise above 0 degrees Celsius. Not a single person can survive there without special equipment.

Flora and fauna of Everest

Due to the harsh climate at the top of the highest mountain, the diversity of flora and fauna is very poor. TO flora may include tufts of grass, small shrubs, lichens, moss, and conifers.

Animal life includes jumping spiders, grasshoppers, flies, and some birds such as alpine jackdaws and mountain ducks.

Every year the number of places on Earth that civilization has not yet managed to ruin decreases. The Everest region is considered a pleasant exception. The route to Mount Chomolungma acts as a very beautiful and breathtaking area. The peculiarity of the region is that Everest on the Nepalese side is obscured by two high mountains - Nuptse and Lhotse, respectively, in order to have a good view of the highest peak, you need to overcome a long distance, conquer the slopes of the Kala Patthar or Gokyo Ri mountains, and only then enjoy the view of the top of the world.

Mount Everest (Qomolungma) video

Interesting facts about the summit of Mount Everest:

Climbing to the top of Everest takes on average 40 days.

There are 18 fixed routes along which you can achieve your goal of visiting the Top of the World.

The youngest conqueror was a 13-year-old boy, and the oldest was an 80-year-old man.

Mount Everest grows several millimeters every year.

The cost of climbing Mount Everest on your own will be about $30,000, and with the services of agencies and guides, the cost rises to $60,000-90,000.

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