Project 949A Antey submarine cruisers are a series of third-generation nuclear submarines (NPS) armed with Granit anti-ship cruise missiles, which were designed in the early 80s at the Rubin Design Bureau. Project 949A submarines are, in fact, an improved version of Project 949 Granit ships, work on which began in the late 60s. The main task of these submarine cruisers is to destroy enemy carrier strike groups.
The first Project 949A submarine was adopted by the USSR Navy in 1986. A total of eleven submarines of this series were built, eight of which are currently serving in the Russian Navy. Another submarine is being mothballed. Each of the “Anteevs” bears the name of one of the Russian cities: Irkutsk, Voronezh, Smolensk, Chelyabinsk, Tver, Orel, Omsk and Tomsk.
One of the most tragic pages in the recent history of the Russian fleet is associated with Project 949A submarines. In August 2000, the Kurs nuclear submarine and its crew perished in the Barents Sea. The official causes of this disaster still raise many questions.
One of the main tasks facing the Soviet Navy after the end of World War II was the fight against American aircraft carrier groups. Project 949A “Antey” became the pinnacle of development of highly specialized submarine cruisers - “killers” of aircraft carriers.
The cost of one Antey submarine was 226 million Soviet rubles (mid-80s), which is ten times less than the cost of an American Nimitz-class aircraft carrier.
History of creation
At the end of the 60s, the development of two projects began in the USSR, inextricably linked. OKB-52 began work on creating a new long-range anti-ship missile system that could be used against powerful enemy ship groups. First of all, it was about the destruction of American aircraft carriers.
Around the same time, the Rubin Central Design Bureau began creating a third-generation submarine missile carrier, which would become a carrier for a new missile system and replace the obsolete Project 675 nuclear submarines.
The military needed a powerful and effective weapon capable of hitting enemy ships at significant distances and a submarine with greater speed, stealth and diving depth.
In 1969, the Navy prepared an official assignment for the development of a new submarine, the project received the designation “Granit” and the number 949. The military’s requirements for a new anti-ship missile were also formulated. They had to have a flight range of at least 500 km, high speed (at least 2500 km/h), and launch from both underwater and surface positions. This missile was planned to be used not only to arm submarines, but also surface ships. In addition, the military was very interested in the possibility of salvo firing - it was believed that a “flock” of twenty missiles had a better chance of penetrating the layered air defense of an aircraft carrier order.
However, the effectiveness of long-range anti-ship missiles was determined not only by their speed and the mass of the warhead. A reliable system of target designation and reconnaissance means was needed: the enemy first had to be found in the vast ocean.
The “Success” system that existed at that time, which used Tu-95 aircraft, was far from perfect, so the Soviet military-industrial complex was tasked with creating the world’s first space system for searching for surface objects and monitoring them. Such a system had a number of advantages: it did not depend on the weather, could collect information about the situation over vast areas of the water surface, and was practically inaccessible to the enemy. The military demanded that target designations be issued directly to weapon carriers or command posts.
The lead organization responsible for the development of the system was OKB-52 under the leadership of V. N. Chelomey. In 1978, this system was put into service. She received the designation "Legend".
In the same year, the first submarine of Project 949, the K-525 Arkhangelsk, was launched; in 1980, it was commissioned into the fleet; in 1983, the second ship of this project, the nuclear submarine K-206 Murmansk, entered service. The submarines were built at the Northern Machine-Building Enterprise.
At the end of 1975, testing began on the main weapon of these submarine cruisers - the P-700 Granit missile system. They were successfully completed in August 1983.
Further construction of the submarines was carried out according to the improved project 949A “Antey”. The modernized nuclear submarines now have one more compartment, which improves its internal layout, the length of the ship increases, and its displacement increases. More advanced equipment was installed on the submarine, and the developers managed to increase the ship's stealth.
Initially, it was planned to build twenty nuclear submarines according to the Antey project, but the collapse of the Soviet Union adjusted these plans. A total of eleven ships were built, two boats, K-148 "Krasnodar" and K-173 "Krasnoyarsk", were scrapped or are in the process of being scrapped. Another submarine of this project, K-141 Kursk, was lost in August 2000. Currently, the Russian fleet includes: K-119 "Voronezh", K-132 "Irkutsk", K-410 "Smolensk", K-456 "Tver", K-442 "Chelyabinsk", K-266 "Eagle" , K-186 "Omsk" and K-150 "Tomsk".
The completion of another nuclear submarine of this project, K-139 Belgorod, will continue according to a more advanced project - 09852. Another submarine of the Antey type, K-135 Volgograd, was mothballed in 1998.
Description of design
Submarines of the Antey project are made according to a double-hull design: an internal durable hull is surrounded by a lightweight external hydrodynamic hull. The aft part of the vessel with its tail and propeller shafts generally resembles the Project 661 nuclear submarine.
The double-hull architecture has a number of advantages: it provides the ship with an excellent reserve of buoyancy and increases its protection against underwater explosions, but at the same time significantly increases the ship's displacement. The underwater displacement of the nuclear submarine of this project is approximately 24 thousand tons, of which about 10 thousand are water.
The durable hull of the submarine has a cylindrical shape, the thickness of its walls is from 48 to 65 mm.
The body is divided into ten compartments:
- torpedo;
- management;
- combat posts and radio room;
- Living spaces;
- electrical equipment and auxiliary mechanisms;
- auxiliary mechanisms;
- reactor;
- GTZA;
- rowing electric motors.
The ship has two areas for crew rescue: in the bow, where the pop-up camera is located, and in the stern.
The submarine's crew number is 130 people (according to other information - 112), the vessel's navigation autonomy is 120 days.
The Antey submarine cruiser has two OK-650B water-water reactors and two steam turbines that rotate propellers through gearboxes. The ship is also equipped with two turbogenerators, two DG-190 diesel generators (800 kW each) and two thrusters.
Submarines of the Antey project are equipped with the MGK-540 Skat-3 sonar system, as well as space reconnaissance, target designation and combat control systems. The cruiser can receive information from a satellite system or from aircraft in an underwater position using special antennas. The boat also has a towed antenna, which extends from a pipe located on the stern stabilizer.
The 949A submarines are equipped with the Symphony-U navigation system, which is characterized by increased accuracy, a large range and can process a significant amount of information.
The main type of nuclear submarine weapons are P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles. Missile containers are located on both sides of the wheelhouse, outside the boat's durable hull. Each of them has an inclination of 40°. The missile can carry a conventional (750 kg) or nuclear warhead (500 Kt). The firing range is 550 km, the missile speed is 2.5 m/s.
The submarine cruiser can conduct both single firing and launch anti-ship missiles in one salvo, firing up to 24 missiles at a time. Granit anti-ship missiles have a complex trajectory, as well as good noise immunity, which makes them a serious threat to any enemy. If we talk about the defeat of an aircraft carrier order, then the likelihood of this is especially high during salvo fire. It is believed that to sink an aircraft carrier, nine Granites must hit it, but even one accurate shot is enough to prevent aircraft from taking off from its deck.
In addition to missiles, Project 949A Antey submarines also have torpedo weapons at their disposal. The submarines have four torpedo tubes with a caliber of 533 mm and two with a caliber of 650 mm. In addition to regular torpedoes, they can fire missile torpedoes. Torpedo tubes are located in the bow of the ship. They are equipped with an automatic loading system, so they have a high rate of fire - the entire ammunition load can be fired in just a few minutes.
Nuclear submarine of project "Antey"
Below is a list of all nuclear submarines of this project:
- "Krasnodar". Disposed of at the Nerpa plant.
- "Krasnoyarsk". It is in the process of being dismantled; its name has already been assigned to another Project 885 submarine.
- "Irkutsk". Currently undergoing repairs and modernization under Project 949AM. Part of the Pacific Fleet.
- "Voronezh". It is in service with the Northern Fleet.
- "Smolensk". It is part of the Northern Fleet.
- "Chelyabinsk". It is part of the Pacific Fleet. Currently undergoing repairs and modernization under Project 949AM.
- "Tver". It is in service with the Pacific Fleet.
- "Eagle". It is undergoing renovations, which should be completed this year.
- "Omsk". It is part of the Pacific Fleet.
- "Kursk". She died in the Barents Sea on August 12, 2000.
- "Tomsk". Part of the Pacific Fleet, currently undergoing repairs.
Project evaluation
To assess the effectiveness of the Antey submarines, you should first of all pay attention to the main weapon of these submarine cruisers - the P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles.
Developed back in the 80s of the last century, today this complex is clearly outdated. Neither the range of this missile nor its noise immunity meet modern requirements. And the elementary base on which this complex was created has long been outdated.
In 2011, it was announced that specialists from the Rubin Central Design Bureau had developed a project to modernize the submarines of this project. First of all, it concerns the cruiser’s missile armament. Containers for the Granit anti-ship missiles will be replaced with launchers from which modern Onyx and Caliber missiles can be fired. This will turn Antea into a universal tool capable of solving a variety of problems.
Characteristics
Below are the characteristics of the Project 949A nuclear submarine:
- displacement above, m.cub. – 12500;
- underwater displacement, cubic meters – 22500;
- power plant - 2 × OK-650 (with a power of 2 x 190 MW);
- surface speed, knots – 15;
- underwater speed, knots – 32;
- Max. immersion depth, m – 600;
- autonomy, days – 120;
- crew, people – 94;
- armament - 24 anti-ship missiles "Granit", TA 650 mm - 4 pcs., TA 533 mm - 4 pcs.
Future
In the coming years, the group of Project 949A ships will undergo serious modernization at the Zvezda Far Eastern plant. According to the command’s plans, the project boats will go through a rearmament program with Onyx and Caliber missile systems. The project for the modernization of submarines and their weapons was developed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau.
Project 949A nuclear-powered missile submarine cruiser "Antey" were and remain an important component of the Russian fleet. During their design, they were entrusted with the task of confronting aircraft carrier strike groups of NATO fleets, for which these boats carried powerful missile weapons on board. A total of 11 such nuclear-powered ships were built, one (K-141 Kursk) died in 2000.
Large (24 thousand tons of underwater displacement) submarines of this type, nicknamed “loaves” for their heavy outlines, are equipped with the P-700 anti-ship missile system (ammunition: 24 heavy cruise missiles, each with a launch weight of seven tons). They can use these weapons at ranges of over 500 km - including external target designation from reconnaissance satellites.
Architecture:
Double-body architecture. The hull is designed for a working diving depth of 480 meters, maximum - 600 meters. Compared to its predecessor, Project 949, the length of the hull has increased by 10 meters. The increase in size is due to the appearance of an additional compartment (6th), thanks to which the internal layout of systems, mechanisms and equipment has been significantly improved. In addition, it was possible to reduce the level of unmasking physical fields and improve the RTV.
The hull is divided into 10 compartments: 1 - torpedo, 2 - control, 3 - radio room and combat posts, 4 - living quarters, 5 - auxiliary mechanisms and electrical equipment, 6 (additional) - auxiliary mechanisms, 7 - reactor, 8−9 - GTZA , 10 - propulsion electric motors.
The retractable device fence was located closer to the bow of the submarine. There were a VSK (pop-up rescue chamber) and containers for the Igla-1 portable air defense system.
The submarine is divided into two rescue zones: in the bow (compartments 1–4) there is a pop-up rescue chamber, in compartments 5–9 there is an emergency hatch (in the 9th compartment), through which one exits in diving equipment.
Electronic weapons:
The submarine is equipped with the MGK-540 Skat-3 sonar system, as well as a radio communication, combat control, space reconnaissance and target designation system. Reception of intelligence data from spacecraft or aircraft is carried out underwater using special antennas. After processing, the received information is entered into the ship's BIUS.
Navigation system:
The submarine is equipped with the Medveditsa navigation system - automated, with increased accuracy, increased range and a large volume of processed information.
Power plant:
Two OK-650M pressurized water reactors (each 190 MW) and two steam turbines (total power 100 thousand hp) with an OK-9 main turbo-gear unit. There are two turbogenerators (3200 kW each) and two backup diesel generators DG-190 (800 kW each), as well as a pair of thrusters.
Weapons:
24 Granit anti-ship missiles in twin launchers, which are located outside the pressure hull (range - from 500 to 600 km, speed - at least 2500 km/h). Target designation took place through the space reconnaissance and target designation satellite 17K114.
The missiles could be launched either singly or in one salvo - with all 24 missiles. When firing in a salvo, the control system automatically distributed targets among the missiles in the group. This made it easier to overcome enemy air defenses and increased the likelihood of hitting the main target - an aircraft carrier. According to calculations, nine Granit hits are needed to sink an American aircraft carrier, and one missile hit was enough to stop it from flying.
The submarine's automated torpedo-missile system allows the use of torpedoes, as well as Vodopad, Veter and Shkval missile-torpedoes at all diving depths. It includes four 533 mm and two 650 mm torpedo tubes located in the bow of the hull.
The torpedo tubes are equipped with an automated fast loading device and a mechanized loading device. Thanks to this device, the entire ammunition can be used within a few minutes.
It was planned to build 18 submarines, of which the last 5 were to be built according to an improved design, but due to the difficult situation in the country, only 11 submarines were produced. The twelfth building - "Belgorod" - was subsequently completed according to project 949A, then according to project 949AM, and in 2012 it was re-laid according to project 09852. The thirteenth and fourteenth buildings - "Barnaul and Volgograd" - were delivered unfinished at the Sevmash berth in the 90s, in 2012 they were dismantled and parts of the hull structures were used to build new submarines.
Submarines built according to Project 949A:
- "Krasnodar". Disposed of. During the disposal process, a fire occurred on March 17, 2014 due to non-compliance with safety precautions during hot work.
- "Krasnoyarsk". It is in storage awaiting disposal. The name of the submarine was transferred to the new Project 885 nuclear submarine, which is being built at the Sevmash enterprise.
- "Irkutsk". It is undergoing repairs and modernization according to Project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen.
- "Voronezh". In the combat composition of the fleet.
- "Smolensk". In the combat composition of the fleet.
- "Chelyabinsk". It is undergoing repairs and modernization according to Project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen.
- "Tver". In the combat composition of the fleet.
- "Eagle". Undergoing repairs at the Zvezdochka shipyard. On April 7, 2015, a fire broke out on the submarine due to non-compliance with safety precautions during hot work. The repairs will continue and the boat will be handed over to the fleet in 2016.
- "Omsk". In the combat composition of the fleet.
- "Kursk". She died along with the crew under unclear circumstances on August 12, 2000.
- "Tomsk". It is undergoing repairs and modernization according to Project 949AM at the Zvezda shipyard in Bolshoy Kamen. During repairs on September 16, 2013, a fire occurred due to non-compliance with safety precautions when carrying out hot work.
Today, out of 11 submarines built, eight remain in service (of which only four are operational).
Future:
In the coming years, the group of Project 949A ships will undergo serious modernization at the Zvezda Far Eastern plant. According to the plans of the Navy command, the submarines of the project will go through a rearmament program with Onyx and Caliber missile systems. The project for the modernization of submarines and their weapons was developed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau.
After the first two ships built under Project 949, construction of submarine cruisers began under the improved Project 949A (code “Antey”). As a result of modernization, the boat received an additional compartment, which made it possible to improve the internal layout of weapons and onboard equipment. As a result, the ship's displacement increased slightly, while at the same time it was possible to reduce the level of unmasking fields and install improved equipment.
According to a number of domestic experts, according to the “effectiveness-cost” criterion, the Project 949 SSGN is the most preferable means of combating enemy aircraft carriers. As of the mid-80s, the cost of one Project 949A boat was 226 million rubles, which at face value was equal to only 10% of the cost of the multi-purpose aircraft carrier Roosevelt ($2.3 billion, excluding the cost of its air wing). At the same time, according to the calculations of the Navy and industry, one nuclear-powered submarine could with a high probability destroy an aircraft carrier and a number of its escort ships. However, other fairly authoritative experts questioned these estimates, believing that the relative effectiveness of SSGNs was overstated. It was also necessary to take into account the fact that an aircraft carrier was a universal combat weapon capable of solving an extremely wide range of tasks, while submarines were ships of a much narrower specialization.
After the first two ships built under Project 949, construction of submarine cruisers began under the improved Project 949A (code “Antey”).
“Omsk” is launched
As a result of modernization, the boat received an additional compartment, which made it possible to improve the internal layout of weapons and onboard equipment. As a result, the ship's displacement increased slightly, while at the same time it was possible to reduce the level of unmasking fields and install improved equipment.
Currently, Project 949 boats are put into reserve. At the same time, the group of Project 949A submarines is, along with Tu-22M-3 naval missile-carrying and long-range aviation aircraft, virtually the only means capable of effectively countering US carrier strike formations. Along with this, the group’s combat units can successfully operate against ships of all classes during conflicts of any intensity.
The durable hull of the double-hull submarine, made of steel, is divided into 10 compartments.
SSGN Project 949A "Antey"
1 - Antennas GAK
2 - Racks with longitudinal and transverse feeding devices from the UBZ torpedo-missile system
3 - Bow (torpedo) compartment 4 - Batteries 5 - Navigation bridge
6 - Second (central) compartment 7 - APU 9 - Third compartment 10 - PMU 11 - Fourth (living) compartment
recreation cabin
12 - Containers with PU PKRK "Granit" 13 - Fifth compartment (auxiliary mechanisms)
14 - Sixth compartment (auxiliary mechanisms) 15 - VVD cylinders 16 - Seventh (reactor) compartment
17 - Reactors 18 - Eighth (turbine) compartment 19 - Bow PTU 20 - Bow main switchboard 21 - Ninth (turbine) compartment
22 - Aft vocational control unit 23 - Aft main switchboard 24 - Tenth compartment (GED) 25 - GED
The ship's power plant has a block design and includes two OK-650B water-cooled reactors (190 mW each) and two steam turbines (98,000 hp) with an OK-9 GTZA, driving two propeller shafts through gearboxes that reduce the speed of rotation of the propellers . The steam turbine unit is located in two different compartments. There are two 3200 kW turbogenerators, two DG-190 diesel generators, and two thrusters.
The boat is equipped with the MGK-540 Skat-3 sonar system, as well as a radio communication, combat control, space reconnaissance and target designation system. Reception of intelligence data from spacecraft or aircraft is carried out underwater using special antennas. After processing, the received information is entered into the ship's BIUS. The ship is equipped with an automated navigation complex “Symphony-U”, which has increased accuracy, an increased range of action and a large volume of processed information.
The main armament of the missile cruiser is 24 supersonic cruise missiles of the P-700 “Granit” complex.
On the sides of the cabin, which has a relatively large length, outside the durable hull there are 24 paired onboard missile containers, inclined at an angle of 40°. The ZM-45 missile, equipped with both nuclear (500 Kt) and high-explosive warheads weighing 750 kg, is equipped with a KR-93 sustainer turbojet with a ring solid-fuel rocket booster. The maximum firing range is 550 km, the maximum speed corresponds to M=2.5 at high altitudes and M=1.5 at low altitudes. The launch mass of the rocket is 7000 kg, length is 19.5 m, body diameter is 0.88 m, wingspan is 2.6 m. Missiles can be fired either singly or in one salvo (up to 24 anti-ship missiles, launched at a high tempo). In the latter case, target distribution is carried out in a salvo. The creation of a dense group of missiles is ensured, which makes it easier to overcome enemy missile defense systems. Organizing the flight of all missiles in a salvo, additionally searching for a warrant and “covering” it with an activated radar sight allows the anti-ship missile to fly on the cruising sector in radio silence mode. During the flight of missiles, the optimal distribution of targets within the order is carried out between them (the algorithm for solving this problem was worked out by the Institute of Naval Armaments and NPO Granit). When any missiles are destroyed, their functions are automatically distributed among others. Supersonic speed and a complex flight path, high noise immunity of radio-electronic equipment and the presence of a special system for removing enemy anti-aircraft and aircraft missiles provide the Granit, when firing in a full salvo, with a relatively high probability of overcoming the air defense and missile defense systems of an aircraft carrier formation.
rocket 3M-45 “Granit”
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loading “Granite” on board the boat
The submarine’s automated torpedo-missile system allows the use of torpedoes, as well as “Waterfall” and “Wind” missile-torpedoes at all diving depths.
“Waterfall”
" Wind "
It includes four 533 mm and four 650 mm torpedo tubes located in the bow of the hull.
According to estimates, the combat effectiveness of the modernized missile system, currently under development, should increase approximately three times compared to the Granit missile system currently in service. The re-equipment of submarines is supposed to be carried out directly at their bases, while the time and costs for implementing the program should be minimized. As a result, the existing group of Project 949A submarines will be able to operate effectively until the 2020s. Its potential will be further expanded as a result of equipping the ships with the Granit missile variant, capable of hitting ground targets with high precision when armed with non-nuclear weapons.
Pavlovsky Bay
Gadzhievo
TTX boats:
Crew - 109 people (including 44 officers and 39 midshipmen)
Length - 154.8 m Width - 18.2 m Draft - 9.2 m
Surface normal displacement - 14700 t
Total displacement - 24,000 tons (19,400 tons according to other data)
Maximum underwater speed - 32 / 33.4 knots (under GTZA)
Economic underwater speed - 5 knots (under propeller)
Maximum surface speed - 14.6 / 15 knots (GTZA)
Maximum diving depth - 600 m
Working depth of immersion - 500-520 m
Autonomy - 120 days
Armament:
Missile strike complex 3K45 "Granite"
with 24 inclined SM-225A launchers with supersonic anti-ship missiles 3M45 "Granit" - SS-N-19 SHIPWRECK. The missile launchers are located in two groups of 12 on each side outside the pressure hull.
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Nuclear Submarine- a strong and deadly machine. Nowhere else on the planet is there such a concentration of people and firepower. truly fought on the front of the Cold War, but with all their strength they cannot compare with the power of the seas. A submariner's greatest enemy is not the potential enemy, but the ocean itself. The deep sea environment will look for a flaw in the steel cocoon submarine. It might rush in and drown her. The sea can make a submariner its prisoner and kill him with terrifying slowness.
PROJECT 949/949A NUCLEAR SUBMARINES "Granit"/"Antey"
Shock atomic submarines Project 949 are unique submarine missile carriers that have become a real threat to surface ships of the "" type. Interest in them has always remained great on the part of foreign intelligence services as a treasury of secrets.
The rapid modernization of the naval weapons of a potential enemy gradually negated the capabilities of the Soviet submarines missile carriers. Now aircraft carrier strike groups of the NATO fleet could deliver 1,500 nuclear strikes on the territory of the USSR within three days. By that time, the Soviet Union was already developing an anti-ship complex " Granite" Its missiles were completely autonomous along the entire flight path, had a multi-variant target attack program and increased noise immunity, which made it possible to use them to destroy group surface chains. The Soviet military leadership instructed three design bureaus at once to create a carrier of such missiles, a cruising submarine third generation. After the development of tactical and technical specifications in December 1978 at the Central Design Bureau for MT " Ruby"The keel of the first was laid in Leningrad submarine, opening a series of nuclear-powered ships of Project 949.
Project 949 received the code " Granite" P.P. was appointed chief designer. Pustyntsev.
The lead submarine K-525 was launched in 1980 and entered service on October 2, 1981. NATO forces classified it as " Oscar" The next submarine, K-206, entered service in 1983.
nuclear submarines of project 949 "Granit" photo
restroom
complex "Granite"
launching of the submarine "Omsk"
submarine "Omsk"
submarine "Smolensk"
After the first two submarine cruisers, construction began submarines according to the improved project 949A cipher " Antey"(according to NATO classification - " Oscar II»).
As a result of modernization submarine received an additional compartment, allowing designers to improve the internal layout of weapons and on-board equipment. As a result, the displacement submarine project 949A increased by 2000 tons, at the same time it was possible to reduce the level of unmasking fields and install improved equipment.
Submarines Project 949 are double-hulled ships with a durable cylindrical hull, divided into 9 compartments. The lightweight body is covered with a special anti-hydrolocation coating.
To facilitate ascent in ice, the conning tower has a reinforced rounded roof. Bow horizontal rudders submarines installed in the bow and retracted inside the lightweight hull. There are also two thrusters.
Main weapons Project 949 submarines are 24 anti-ship missiles " Granite", located along the sides of the launchers. Rockets can be fired either singly or in one gulp. Torpedo tubes with ammunition capacity of 26 torpedoes are installed in the bow. The torpedo tubes are automated and equipped with a quick loading device, with longitudinal and transverse feed racks, which allows you to shoot all the ammunition within a few minutes.
Project 949 submarines are equipped with a sonar system " Scat", navigation complex " Ursa"and radio communication complex" Tsunami».
The main power plant has a block design and includes two nuclear reactors of the OK-650B type and two steam turbines of the OK-9 type with a capacity of 98,000 hp. s, working through gearboxes on propellers. Additional for auxiliary functions submarines Project 949 are equipped with two diesel generators of the DG-190 type, the power of which is 8700 hp. With..
Submarines Project 949 differ from their “colleagues” in having fairly decent conditions of comfort and habitability for personnel for long-term autonomous navigation.
All crew members SSGN project 949 are provided with individual sleeping places in one-, two-, four- and six-berth cabins. The submarine has a wardroom and a dining room for 42 sailors to eat at the same time. A supply of provisions for complete autonomy is placed in provision freezers and pantries. The missile carrier also has a gym, swimming pool, solarium, sauna and living area.
The leadership planned to have twenty submarines of this type, but only 13 were built. None of them submarines did not serve its term. Already decommissioned by 2001 submarines K-525 and K-206 of project 949, K-148 and K-173 are in storage. Submarines K-132 and K-119 require major repairs.
THE FATE OF THE K-141 KURSK SUBMARINE OF PROJECT 949
Once submerged under water, a nuclear submarine makes less noise than the sea itself, and its nuclear reactor can supply electricity to a small city. The ears of a nuclear-powered hydroacoustic submarine are capable of hearing the sound of feeding shrimp or whales. Nuclear submarine must always function, so work on it continues around the clock. Powerful and technically advanced submarines still remain vulnerable. And when something happens, the consequences are too often deadly.
August 2000. Russian nuclear Submarine « Kursk» K-141 stands at the pier of the Western Arctic base of the Russian Navy Zapadnaya Litsa. The submarine's crew of 118 people is an intelligent, courageous and close-knit brotherhood and is not much different from the crews of foreign submarines. The submarine is operated by amazingly young people. The average age of the crew is 24 years. Like all submariners, the cruiser's crew is glad that they are going to sea. " Kursk" leaves his home base, heading for exercises in the Barents Sea.
August 12, 2000 at 09:00 crew submarine preparing to practice a torpedo attack. The role of the target is played by the atomic " Peter the Great" The commander of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Federation, Admiral Popov, gives the order to begin. The American one is nearby observing the Russian exercises. Suddenly her sonar picks up a terrible noise. The explosion caused the detonation of the submarine's torpedo compartment. Kursk". Two minutes later, seismographs record a second powerful explosion. Mighty " Kursk", the giant deadly weapon of war is destroyed. Most of the crew died immediately, but 24 surviving submariners gathered in the ninth compartment.
« Kursk" lay in relatively shallow water. On board the cruiser " Peter the Great"couldn't believe that Submarine sank. Several hours passed before the alarm was raised. The first hours of a disaster are decisive. But only 30 hours later, Russian rescuers went to the Kursk submarine. Russian media reported that the nuclear submarine experienced technical problems and the submarine deliberately sank to the bottom.
The truth in the form of rumors reached the relatives waiting for the submariners in the military town of Vedyaevo. Mothers and wives did not know what to believe or who to believe. Navy representatives gave conflicting information. Relatives were told that with the submarine " Kursk“A connection has been established and knocks are heard from it.
Despite official statements, Russian rescuers were unable to dock with the nuclear submarine. Kursk" This was due to the place where the submarine lay. There was a strong current there, which made it difficult to accurately dock with the emergency site. However, the Russian Navy did not accept help from the United States and other countries. With each passing hour, the chances of saving someone were fading.
Four days after the accident " Kursk“The military leadership continued to refuse any foreign assistance. For more than a week, distraught mothers and wives hoped against hope that the submariners could still be saved. Finally, Russian officials admitted that they could not reach the people in the submarine.
Later rescue teams from Norway and Great Britain were invited. The submarine was found. Using a hammer, the rescuers opened the hatch and, thanks to the milk that did not flow inside like a white veil, the rescuers realized that all 118 people submarine « Kursk"died. After days of outright lies from officials, the commander of the fleet, Admiral Alexander Popov, spoke on television: “ Life goes on, raise your children, raise your sons, and forgive me for not being able to save your loved ones».
LIFTING THE KURSK SUBMARINE
For the large-scale operation to raise the Kursk, about 40 sets of documents of various kinds were developed. Many force majeure circumstances that could arise during the ascent were discussed. Finally, the Project 949 submarine Kursk in October 2001, with the help of the vessel GIANT 4" created by the company " MAMMOET" was raised. The submarine was lifted at a speed of 9 meters per hour. Operation was successfully completed. After fixing the object, the ship was sent to the Murmansk region to the ship repair plant in Roslyakovo. Then the ship was brought into a floating dock, where nuclear submarine « Kursk"was secured in a submerged position. After pumping water from the dock, people were presented with a terrible picture. The submarine had no bow compartment, and what was left of it was torn to shreds. Then it was delivered to Snezhnogorsk for further disposal.
Technical characteristics of the Project 949 nuclear submarine “Granit”:Surface displacement - 13,400 tons;
Underwater displacement - 22500 tons;
Length - 143 m;
Width - 18.2 m;
Draft - 9.2 m;
Immersion depth - 400 m;
Surface speed - 15 knots;
Underwater speed - 30 knots;
Power reserve - unlimited;
Autonomy - 110 days;
Crew - 107 people;
Power plant - nuclear;
Turbine power - 100,000 hp;
Armament:
Impact missile:
Anti-ship missile system P-700 "Granit"
Ammunition - 24 ZM-45 missiles;
Anti-aircraft missile:
Anti-aircraft missile system 9K310 “Igla-1” - 2;
Torpedo:
Torpedo tubes 650 mm - 2 (bow);
Torpedo tubes 533 mm - 4 (bow);
Ammunition - 24 torpedoes;
Project 661 "Anchar"
Displacement: surface 5200 t; underwater 7000 t.
Dimensions: length 106.9 m (350 ft 9 in); beam 11.5 m (37 ft 9 in); draft 8 m (26 ft 3 in).
Power point: a pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactor powering two steam turbines delivering 59,650 kW (80,005 hp) of torque to two shafts.
Surface speed: travel 20 knots and underwater speed 42 knots..
Immersion depth: working 400 m (1315 ft); limit 600 m (1970 ft).
Torpedo tubes: six bow 533-mm (21-inch) tubes with a maximum ammunition capacity of 12 torpedoes, standard loading - eight anti-ship or anti-submarine torpedoes in conventional equipment, two anti-ship torpedoes with nuclear warheads and a yield of 15 kt. and two Tsakra anti-ship missiles with nuclear warheads and a yield of 15 kt. or 24 AMD-1000 bottom mines.
Rockets: ten P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles (SS-N-9 Sirens), six of them with 500 kg. (1002 pounds) of conventional explosives and four with nuclear warheads with a yield of 200 kt.
Electronic weapons: Surface target detection radar “Snoop Tray”, bow low-frequency sonar “Rubin”, mid-frequency sonar for missile and torpedo firing control, “Brick Sleep” and “Brick Pulp” radar equipment for passive detection and warning, microwave and UHF communication systems, direction-finding antenna “Park” lamps" and an underwater telephone.
Crew: 82 people.
Project 949A "Antey"
Displacement: surface 13,900 tons; underwater 18,300 tons.
Dimensions: length 154 m (505 ft 3 in); beam 18.2 m (59 ft 9 in); draft 9 m (29 ft 6 in).
Power point: two pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactors powering two steam turbines delivering 73,070 kW (98,000 hp) of torque to two shafts.
Speed: surface speed 15 knots. and forward speed 28 knots.
Immersion depth: working 500 m (1640 ft); limit 830 m (2725 ft).
Torpedo tubes: four 533 mm (21 inch) and two 650 mm (25.6 inch) vehicles (all bow) with a maximum ammunition capacity of 28 weapons of 533 and 650 mm caliber, including Tsakra anti-ship missiles (SS-N-15 "Starfish") with nuclear warheads with a yield of 15 kt and anti-ship missiles Vodopad/Veder with nuclear warheads with a yield of 200 kt or anti-submarine torpedoes of type 40, or 32 bottom mines.
Rockets: 24 P-700 "Granit- (SS-N-19 "Shiprek") in conventional equipment with 750 kg (1655 lb) of explosives or with nuclear warheads with a yield of 500 kt.
Electronic weapons: Surface target detection radar "Snoop Pea" or "Snoop Half three-dimensional radar for generating data for firing, mounted on the hull active passive sonar for detection and fire control Shark Gill", passive onboard sonar "Shark Ree" active sonar control shooting guns Mouse Roar", passive towed GAS "Pelamida", REM equipment complex "Rim Hat".
Crew: 107 people.
