Time is afraid of the pyramids. They never shared their secrets. The scale of this construction is amazing. According to supporters of the Alternative History Laboratory, the Egyptians could not build. In their opinion, anyone could build the pyramids: the Atlanteans, representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations, representatives of other peoples, but not the Egyptians themselves. This very strange thesis is largely based on the fact that the Egyptians did not have perfect technologies that would allow them to start processing highly hard rocks, lifting heavy weights and the like.
Many of the early pyramids were built quite crudely. They are made of small stone blocks and are imperfect in terms of laying. These pyramids in their beauty are incomparable with those that stand, for example, in the Giza Necropolis. And here, many supporters of the Alternative History Lab resort to deception: they convince us that the more advanced pyramids are the very first ones. And the less perfect ones were built by the Egyptians. That is, it turns out the fitting of facts.
Today it is very difficult for us to imagine an era that is several millennia back. And so many people who grew up in the age of modern technology cannot imagine life without iron, without machines, cannot understand how people who did not have all this could build such impressive structures.
What is the main argument in favor of the fact that it was the Egyptians who built their pyramids? The thing is, they didn't get there right away. First there was the thousand-year era of the Stone Age, during which the Egyptians learned how to simply process stone. But as for the methods of delivering stone to the construction site, another question arises.
You need to understand that the largest pyramids are built surprisingly harmoniously and correctly. The largest blocks are laid at the base, that is, they did not need to be raised to a considerable height. And closer to the top are smaller blocks. Thus, builders save their time and resources. They perfectly understood that it was impossible to raise large blocks to a great height, this requires very significant efforts of many thousands of people. According to the drawings found in the tombs, large weights, as a rule, were dragged by people or bulls, the Egyptians had no other power. Therefore, we can conclude that it was very important for the Egyptians that the spirit of the nation was embodied in these pyramids, so that they could thus declare themselves in history, that in this grandiose construction they could accumulate all their knowledge.
Pyramid of Khafre (more precisely - Khafre) - the second largest ancient Egyptian pyramid
The Egyptians did not immediately come up with the idea of creating rooms inside the pyramid itself. Initially, all the premises were underground, that is, under the base line, and the pyramid itself was empty. And only as the principles of construction improved, when the so-called idea of a stepped vault arose, they began to design rooms inside the pyramid itself. What was the impetus for this revolution in architecture, we do not know. There is a hypothesis according to which the underground premises were flooded with groundwater, so new solutions had to be found. To secure the sarcophagus with the mummy, they tried to raise it as high as possible. And for this, they first came up with the idea of a stepped vault - what we see in the pyramids of Snefru, and later in the pyramid of Khafre, where unloading chambers are used. Thus, with each new pyramid, the sarcophagus with the king's mummy rises higher and higher. Subsequently, all the pyramids were built already with a burial chamber on the base line, which shortened and cheapened the construction process, it became more economically feasible. And gradually the Egyptians completely abandon the construction of the pyramids.
When talking about pyramids in general, they use such a term as "polygonal masonry". True, it is characteristic of Latin America, in particular, the culture of the Incas. But nevertheless, there are several examples of polygonal masonry, which was used in the construction of granite blocks in the valley temple of King Khafre. The fact is that polygonal masonry is not the art of stone processing, but the use of natural stones and a specific situation. That is, the Egyptians did not fit the stones, instead they used their natural irregularities to create a surface.
Among conspiracy theorists, the thesis is very common that limestone stones are perfectly matched, that it is impossible to insert a knife blade, a sheet of paper and the like between them. However, it is necessary to mention one of the most important properties of limestone - its plasticity. This stone under great pressure begins to be compressed. And if at the same time favorable air humidity is maintained, then the process of diffusion - interpenetration takes place. Over the millennia, when the blocks lay on top of each other, they partially grew together with each other. And today it seems to us that this is just a perfect seam. Although initially the seams could not be perfectly perfect.
In addition, the limestone from which the Egyptian pyramids are built is very easy not only to process, but also to the environment. Therefore, modern pyramids for the most part do not have cladding - for many centuries the limestone has weathered. And even if you just press hard on it with your hand, it begins to crumble under our fingers. And although they say that time is afraid of the pyramids, in fact it is not. The pyramids are destroyed, and the older they are, the more fragile the limestone from which they are composed becomes. Gradually, the stones crumble, and many even break from their seats.
Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu) - the largest of the Egyptian pyramids
Any pyramid today requires conservation measures, which is why many of the stones in Khufu's pyramid are coated with a special polymer compound to prevent air and water erosion. The pyramid is a wonderful structure, but it is also a monument to the great genius of the Egyptian people. It was the Egyptians who first learned how to process limestone. The Egyptian civilization is the civilization of limestone from which most of the Egyptian temples are built.
Essential knowledge of mathematics was necessary for the construction of the pyramid. And today, scientists are convinced that the Egyptians performed mathematical calculations before starting construction. But evidence of their mathematical thinking has not been preserved. We do not know how they planned, conceived and tried to calculate the strength of this or that pyramid. But we know for sure that the layout was originally built. It could be wood or stone. But on this layout, all possible solutions were calculated. If during construction it turned out that the calculation was not correct, the Egyptians made adjustments. famous pyramid Sneferu, the broken pyramid at Dahshur, was originally conceived with perfectly regular edges. But gradually the mass of the pyramid levels being built began to put pressure on the interior. As a result, the builders realized that if they continued to build at the same pace and with the same dimensions, then the interior would collapse. As a result, they had to reduce the height of the pyramid as soon as possible. Therefore, it turned out to be broken.
Pyramid at Meidum
The pyramid at Meidum was also conceived as correct. But in its design, the so-called false vault masonry was first used. The builders incorrectly calculated the height of the walls of the inner burial chamber, and the pyramid simply crumbled. Its upper part is still in ruins, although on the outside it has retained some original shape.
It is important to understand that the Egyptians built their pyramids by trial and error. Naturally, they did not have a modern developed mathematical apparatus, but they possessed the secrets that allowed them to build majestic structures. They never shared these secrets, never wrote textbooks. They passed on their skills from father to son, and therefore we cannot fully understand them. For example, they erected embankments, thanks to which stone blocks moved to a considerable height. How then were these embankments liquidated? But at least we know that these mounds existed, their remains have been preserved. But most importantly, the Egyptians also used the energy of water, the energy of the Nile. So the ancient Egyptian civilization is the civilization of the Nile River. They not only floated on the great river, but also used it to move large masses of stone directly to the foot of the pyramids. The Egyptians created an amazing civilization that was able to curb the Nile. They not only built the famous dams, but also built cities on the dams, and also rationalized labor in the construction of the pyramids.
In a historical perspective, the Romans even surpassed the Egyptians in some ways. For example, when they built their famous aqueducts to deliver large volumes of water to places where there was not enough water. Although the very idea of aqueducts belongs, most likely, to the same Egyptians. Yes, they would envy the scale of the construction of the Romans, but each civilization has made its contribution to the treasury of historical architectural thought. If the Romans were famous for building aqueducts, then the Egyptians were famous for building pyramids. And no one else tried to repeat their experience.
It was the Egyptian pyramids that gained world fame in their time. At first glance, all this excitement around the pyramids seems strange. In appearance, these are ordinary triangular-shaped buildings. It will not be difficult to build something similar in Russia or any other country. First, it will be necessary to make 3D models of future pyramids using a computer program, purchase the necessary building material and adjust modern construction equipment.
All of this is common construction work. Only the ancient Egyptians most likely did not even think about the appearance of computers in the distant future. They mined building materials on their own, and did not buy them in specialized stores. Instead of construction equipment, they used their own back, arms and legs. With such a modest building arsenal, they managed to build giant structures of exact shape from heavy stones with small rooms and passages inside. But there is another popular version among the people. Perhaps the Egyptian pyramids were built by a more advanced civilization.
What are Egyptian pyramids
Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped stone structures that are located in Egypt. In recent years, approximately 138 Egyptian pyramids have been found. Most of these buildings are tombs for the pharaohs. The most ancient Egyptian pyramids are located in the city of Saqqara.
The most famous Egyptian pyramids are located in Giza. Three of them were considered the largest objects in the world. They are also called the Great Pyramids. These are the tombs of the pharaohs Menkaure, Khafre and Cheops. The largest pyramid of Cheops. The great Egyptian buildings have the most even shape, unlike the first step pyramids. It is surprising that each of their faces looks exactly towards the sun.
The most famous
Pyramid of Menkaure
This pyramid is the lowest of the Great Pyramids at Giza. The length of the base is 108.4 m, and the height is 66 m. There is an assumption that it did not have a single construction plan. At first they planned to leave it to the heir to the throne, but then the dimensions were increased.
Pyramid of Khafre
The second largest Egyptian pyramid of the Great Pyramids. Located next to the Great Sphinx. It has a height of 143.5 m and a base length of 215.3 m. There are two tombs in the pyramid itself. One of them was turned into a treasure room. Near the pyramid there is another pyramid, where the wife of the pharaoh rests. There is also a port and a temple nearby.
The Pyramid of Cheops
The famous pyramid of Cheops is the largest of all existing in Egypt. The length of the base is 230 m, the initial height is 146.6 m. At the moment, the facing of the pyramid is collapsing. Therefore, today its height is 138.8 m.
More than 2.3 million stones were used to build the pyramid of Cheops. One such pebble of medium size weighs 2.5 tons. A large analog will drag on all 15 tons. The composition of the structure includes: blocks of granite, limestone, basalt. The main entrance to the pyramid is located at an altitude of 15.63 m. Tourists are led through a breach in the pyramid, which was made in 820. Inside there are three tombs located one on top of the other. The bottom one was not finished yet. The middle tomb is the "Queen's Chamber", the upper one is the "King's Chamber".
Aliens and Egyptian pyramids
There are many versions of the appearance of triangular-shaped buildings in Egypt. Herodotus began to describe the first assumptions in his book. He was sure that the body of Pharaoh Cheops rested on the island in the hidden tomb of the pyramid. Engineers Howard Wise and John Perring undertook to check this version in the 19th century. To do this, they dug a well 11.6 meters deep and began to look out Cheops. But all efforts were in vain. Later studies showed that one chamber was not completed, and the tombs are located in the very center of the pyramid.
It has already been scientifically proven that the Egyptian pyramids were built by the Egyptians. But the fans are all over it. They are trying in every possible way to attribute authorship to aliens. Allegedly, people could not lift such weights without special equipment, and the Egyptians not only lifted, but also created the correct forms of pyramids from these stones. At that time, only aliens with advanced technology could have such opportunities.
But recent studies have proven the absurdity of the version with aliens. At the base of the pyramid of Cheops, obvious irregularities were found. This once again proves the participation of ordinary ancient Egyptians in the construction of the pyramids and no one else. Poor people under the yoke of the pharaohs pulled heavy stones for a penny and crumbs of bread. The limitlessness of human possibilities is simply amazing. Today is a completely different time. A person is only required to believe in himself and the success of his personal Egyptian pyramids.
Could the ancient Egyptians build their giant pyramids and palaces on their own? People who have only read about these structures in the history books think yes. But many of those who have been to this country and wandered, for example, through the Giza Valley, doubt it. These structures are too impressive, even if tens of thousands of slaves are supposed to have worked on their construction.
Conan Doyle version
The theory that the pyramids are the material traces of some more ancient technologically advanced civilization has not been put forward today. For example, in 1929, the "father of Sherlock Holmes" Arthur Conan Doyle published the fantastic novel "The Maracot Abyss", the heroes of which fall into a certain city - an island that sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years ago. When one of them inspects the underwater structures, he remarks that: “The columns, platforms and stairs of this building were superior to anything I have ever seen on earth. Most of all, the building resembled the remains of the temple of Karnak in Luxor, Egypt, and, surprisingly, the decorations and half-erased inscriptions in small things resembled the same decorations and inscriptions of the great ruins near the Nile.
According to Conan Doyle, who, by the way, visited Egypt before writing this novel, all local ancient structures were built by the Atlanteans. And Doyle, according to the confessions of his contemporaries, like his famous detective hero, had brilliant analytical skills.
The Sphinx is 5,000 years older?
What Conan Doyle based his conclusions on is not clear. But he now has many followers. For example, the head of the Laboratory of Alternative History () Andrey SKLYAROV, who has repeatedly visited Egypt, claims that most of the local historical monuments were indeed created by representatives of the ancient pra-civilization:
You can call them Atlanteans, you can call them aliens, you can call them something else, but there are an incredible number of their traces in Egypt. It is even strange that Egyptologists did not pay attention to this before. Although now I have the impression that the Egyptians themselves guess something, but carefully hide the secret.
If possible, specific examples...
Please start with the great sphinx. Classical Egyptology claims that it was built during the time of Pharaoh Cheops or his son - about 2.5 thousand years BC - based only on the fact that, in terms of its "artistic features", it can be attributed to that era. But a century and a half ago, the so-called “Inventory Stele” was found in Giza, which indicates that Cheops ordered only to repair the damaged statue. Repair, not build!
And in the early 90s, the American geologist Robert Schoch proved that the furrows on the body of the sphinx and on the wall of the trench around it are traces of erosion not by wind, but by rain: vertical stripes instead of horizontal ones. But there has been no serious rain in Egypt for at least 8,000 years.
Immediately after the publication of Shoh, the Egyptian authorities started an urgent restoration of the sphinx. Now the lower two thirds of the monument are covered with new masonry, and the top of the sculpture has been cleaned up - there are almost no traces of erosion left. By the way, at about the same time, the “Inventory Stele” was hidden in the storerooms of the Cairo Museum - before that it was put on public display, and now another one has been put in its place. In response to questions about this stele, the museum curators only shrug their shoulders in bewilderment. But it has been repeatedly described in scientific and so-called alternative literature.
When the gods ruled...
According to Andrei Sklyarov, the ancient Egyptians themselves built something. But they built their buildings on the basis of ancient structures.
This is clearly seen on the pyramids - which ones are made by hand, and which ones are made with the help of high-precision tools, - says Andrey. - Moreover, many ancient buildings resemble bunkers - semi-underground structures over which the pharaohs built their pyramids, trying to copy the ancients. And the original pyramids built by the pra-civilization were only 6 - 7: three in Giza, two in Dashshura and one in Medun. Perhaps there was another one in Abu Roash, but it is not clear there whether it is a pyramid or a bunker. And other pyramids are ancient structures completed by the pharaohs, which initially were typical bunkers. Moreover, with such powerful overlaps that you can’t call them otherwise than a shelter in case of a nuclear war. True, it is not clear why and who could threaten them. But the war just explains the disappearance of pracivilization.
And why, besides the buildings, there were no other material traces left?
Why didn't it stay? For example, in the Giza desert, we stumbled upon something resembling iron dust. They took samples and brought them to Moscow. It turned out that it was iron oxide with a high content of manganese. The percentage corresponds to the high-alloy manganese steels currently used in tank tracks and as material for stone crushers. For how many years this extremely strong steel could turn into dust in the desert, where for 8 thousand years there had been no decent rains.
But what kind of mysterious civilization left us these artifacts?
There are different versions. Someone adheres to the theory that they were Atlanteans, someone talks about colonists from other worlds. It is difficult to say when they came to Earth, but it is possible to determine the heyday of their power. At the beginning of the III century BC. e. The Egyptian historian Manetho published his History of Egypt. Until our time, it has not been completely preserved, but fragments are mentioned in the works of other historians of the first millennium of our era. Manetho compiled a chronological list of the rulers of the country. Classical Egyptology recognizes only the "dynastic part", which refers to famous human pharaohs. But Manetho also tells about the first kingdom, when the gods supposedly ruled Egypt. It existed approximately 10 - 12 thousand years ago, long before the first known pharaohs.
They worked granite like it was Styrofoam
Now Egyptologists spend their time arguing about how the workers turned these multi-ton stone blocks from which they built pyramids and temples, build versions, conduct experiments, - says Andrey Sklyarov. - We took a different path: if there are millions of tons of stones, then we need to figure out how they were processed. We analyzed many parameters. For example, if they were sawn out, then we look at the width and depth of the cut, the thickness of the cutting edge. Sometimes the results are amazing.
Slabs of black basalt, located around the perimeter of the temple, standing near the great pyramid (they used to be the floor of the ancient Egyptian temple). The trace of a circular saw is visible, which, as you know, works on a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric drive, but the Egyptians had neither the first, nor the second, nor the third.
It is also noticeable that grinding occurs during sawing. If, as it is believed, the builders worked with hand-held copper saws, then scratches would remain, and modern diamond-coated saws leave a similar grinding, and they must move very quickly.
Fragment of an obelisk at Karnak. Lies 10 meters from the hiking trail. There are strange holes on it with a diameter of 1 cm and a depth of about 10 cm. They were obviously made to fasten some kind of decorative plates: gold or copper. But some of them go deep into the granite not perpendicularly, but at an angle of 10 - 20 degrees: it is impossible to do this manually. It turns out that they were drilled in granite, as we twist holes with a drill in a soft tree. What drill of the ancient Egyptians could enter into granite, like into oil?
This is an obelisk lying near the famous scarab beetle on the shore of the sacred lake in Karnak. A decorative strip 3 mm wide and 1 cm deep is visible. It is believed that this was sort of scratched with a nail. Jewelers, perhaps, could repeat, carefully crashing, with modern tools.
Artifact from southern Saqqara, where tourists are not allowed. A very revealing block of black basalt. The far part of it has been sawn off: the trace of a circular saw is visible. And the other part was tried to be processed manually. The difference is immediately visible.
The gate to the still closed part of the Karnak temple. At the very top, a hole has been made in the granite, which is believed to be for a goalpost the size of a good barrel. In our world, machines capable of cutting such holes appeared only 10 - 15 years ago.
Aswan quarries. Pit holes that go several meters deep. The diameter is slightly larger than the width of the human body. How do you drill such holes? Just keep your head down. There are many such holes. According to Egyptologists, they are designed to watch how the cracks go in the main massif. And this is a completely pointless exercise, because the direction of the cracks can be determined from the surface. And why was it necessary to align the walls so carefully? It looks like they worked with a cutter here. There is a hypothesis that the builders simply took samples of granite. But such a tool that allowed not to spend a lot of time on these samples. This pra-civilization shows us that it worked with granite as with foam plastic.
Listen to the full audio interview with Andrey Sklyarov
One of the biggest mysteries in human history is the engineering feat of the ancients that led to the creation of the great pyramids of Egypt. For thousands of years, historians, architects and scientists have tried to find an explanation for the appearance of these gigantic structures. To this day, the mystery has not been fully solved, and no one knows exactly how it was done. Not surprisingly, many different explanations have emerged, and in this review of the 10 most viable theories for the construction of the Great Pyramids.
1. Ancient machines
Naturally, the first thought that comes to mind when thinking about the construction of a building is the need to use cranes to lift and transport heavy pieces of metal or stone. The first pyramids were stepped pyramids with large flat surfaces on which heavy cranes could stand and operate. Of course, ancient cultures knew about levers and pulley systems, and they probably used something similar to build the first pyramids. However, the version of cranes or so-called "cranes" is not particularly plausible in the case of explaining the Great Pyramids of Egypt, since there were too small surfaces to install lifting mechanisms of this magnitude.
2 The Pyramids Were Originally Hills
An interesting but bizarre explanation for the appearance of the pyramids is that they originally arose as natural mountain formations, and then stone blocks were laid down the slopes of these hills from top to bottom. A similar idea was first proposed in 1884 in The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette at a conference of scientists. Perhaps this is what Herodotus meant when he said that the pyramids were built "from top to bottom."
3. Polishing and leveling by hand
One of the most intricate and puzzling facts about pyramid building is the way in which the Egyptians could cut stones with such extreme precision as to stack them with virtually no gaps between them. Even a sheet of paper cannot be squeezed into the junction between two stones. Therefore, scientists are perplexed how the Egyptians achieved such precision in stone processing. Even today it is impossible to recreate this with diamond cutters, let alone the most primitive hand tools. The following theory suggests that the Egyptians did not have any better tools than they do now. They just made better use of what they had. For example, they allegedly leveled stone blocks using two poles of the same height, connected by a narrow rope, under which the stone was placed. If the rope touched the surface somewhere, this place was marked with red ocher, and then the unevenness was scraped off with a flint scraper.
4. Limestone concrete
Perhaps an even more plausible way of achieving perfectly smooth stone surfaces was that the stones were made by pouring liquid limestone concrete into molds. There seems to be some evidence to support this theory. Under a microscope, Egyptologist Jean-Philippe Lauer found air bubbles on the surface of the stones, suggesting that air could have entered the liquid concrete. According to the findings of the American Ceramic Society, it seems that the internal structure of the stones was formed in a process that happened very quickly, like concrete curing.
5. Zigzag ramps
This is the first of various sloping ramp theories. Direct ramp theories were not considered, since such a ramp would have to be larger than the pyramid itself and extend outward from it for 1.6 kilometers, given the assumed slope of 7 degrees. For the ramp to make sense, it would need to be completed throughout the process of creating the pyramid. While a zigzag ramp would require less material than a straight ramp, this is almost as implausible as it would need to be constantly adjusted as the pyramid got taller. Therefore, such theories have been widely discredited.
6. Wet sand
Today, some proponents of the following theory believe that the stones for the pyramid were dragged over piles of sand, which were pre-wetted to make the stones easier to move. This theory explains the transportation of stones from quarries hundreds of kilometers from the construction site, as well as how workers moved the stones up using some kind of ramp. But would a wet ramp provide enough stability for stones weighing up to 20 tons to be hauled up. Also the question is how much wet sand can be used as a support for the feet of the people who dragged it all. At best, this theory can only explain the transport of stones. As a method of lifting stones, it fails.
In trying to develop a plausible ramp theory, people eventually began to realize that a spiral ramp could be built at the same time as the pyramid. It will run along the outer part of the pyramid and continuously rise up as it is being built. Proponents of this outer spiral ramp theory include Mark Lehner, an archaeologist at Yale University. The main problem when using a spiral ramp is the maneuvering of rocks. It's hard enough to haul the huge rocks up the slope, but having to constantly turn them to spiral up makes it even more difficult. That is why the outer spiral ramp theory is implausible.
8. Theory of water mines
How about building a long underground dam under water from a local water source at a reasonable distance from the quarry, and then using water "mines" to lift the rocks up. This theory suggests that a water dam was used to transport the stones, and that the stones were cut and turned in the water. After precise grinding of the stone, pieces of light material were attached to it, which provided buoyancy. Thus, the stone floated up, and its surface was protected from hitting other stones.
There is some evidence that similar water shafts were used to build structures in other parts of the world (for example, the canals are believed to have been used to build Angkor Wat in Cambodia). However, if such a channel was used to build the Great Pyramid of Giza, where did it go and why was it destroyed. Supposedly, the construction took 10 years, and the length of the canal should have been 10 kilometers, since this is the distance from the Nile River to the site of the pyramid at Giza. Also, even if this theory is correct, it still doesn't explain some of the other nuances in the pyramid.
9 Extraterrestrial Intervention
The more time is spent trying to figure out how the pyramids were built by man, the more the answer seems to suggest something else. Although extraterrestrial intervention is generally dismissed by scientists, many Egyptologists and historians believe that the pyramids were built by aliens. Hearing this theory, many will immediately laugh at it. However, extraterrestrial interference is no more "wild" theory compared to many others. Given all that is known about the pyramids, it may be reasonable to conclude that ancient cultures could not have built these incredible structures themselves. Even with all the modern technology, today people are completely incapable of building pyramids like those in Egypt. It therefore seems incomprehensible that an ancient primitive civilization possessed both the technology and the ingenuity to build pyramids with such extreme precision.
The Great Pyramid of Giza faces almost exactly north, with a deviation of only 3/60 of a degree. It is even more accurately aligned than the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, which points north by 9/60 degrees. Another great mathematical feature of the Great Pyramid is that the perimeter divided by the height is 2π (the deviations are negligible). A number of other exact mathematical figures are associated with the pyramids, but most importantly, one must take into account the speed with which they were built.
Considering 2.3 million stones, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons, it was estimated that one stone had to be installed every two minutes. This includes all the time it takes to cut the stones perfectly, move them miles across the desert, climb the slope of the pyramid, and then lay them in place. It is very difficult to believe that primitive people did all this.
10. Jean-Pierre Goudin on the theory of the inner ramp
Recently, one person has been trying, independently of all others, to unravel the mystery of how the pyramids were built. This is a French architect named Jean-Pierre Goudin. Since the 1990s, he has devoted all his time to the study of the Great Pyramid and has been able to develop the most brilliant pyramid theory ever created.According to Gooden's theory, the Great Pyramid was built using two separate spiral ramps. The first was an outer spiral ramp going up about 30 percent, and the second was an inner spiral ramp through which the heavy stones were pulled all the way to the end. Gooden calculated that this inner slope had a slope of 7 degrees. This spiral ramp also included open sections at the corners for workers to turn the blocks (it is believed that cranes were also used here). In addition to the internal ramp, Gooden was also able to explain how the "King's Chamber" was built, as well as the most mysterious room in Great Pyramid- Grand Gallery.
Massive granite blocks to the King's Chamber were dragged through the Grand Gallery using a long system of pulleys. Thus, the Grand Gallery exists for quite practical purposes. Inside are signs that support this theory, such as wedge holes in the rocks. It is believed that they were used to support the pulley system. Using digital technology, the programming team was able to test this idea. They were able to confirm that Gooden's drawings of the pyramid matched the math and that the inner ramp was plausible.
However, the most surprising thing is that they were able to find evidence of the actual existence of the ramp through scanning the pyramid, which revealed a spiral image. It may well be the remains of an internal ramp. By far, this theory provides the most plausible explanation for how the pyramids were built.
We must immediately make a reservation that scientists hide this information by hook or by crook, since it does not fit at all into the foundations of the world that history textbooks have been describing to us since childhood.
For a long time, burial places have been found on the planet, and more often the remains of dead giant people. They are dug all over the world, both on land and under water in the seas and oceans. Another confirmation of this is a find in Yakutia.
A group of independent researchers have been dealing with this issue for many years and have formed a true picture of what really happened on our planet 12-20,000 years ago. But it's not that long ago! The growth of giants during their lifetime ranged from 4 to 12 meters, in addition to great physical strength, they had phenomenal mental abilities. Isn't this the mysterious civilization of Atlantis, which some consider mythical, while others really existed and died?
So, the researchers claim that it was this civilization of giants that built the pyramids not only in Egypt, but throughout the entire planet, the total number of pyramids they built is more than 600. Moreover, the construction was carried out in a strictly specified geometry. The pyramids were erected without the use of any slave force with the help of a simple technology that is used now, this is an ordinary formwork, that is, the blocks were not moved a long distance, but poured into wooden molds with a strong concrete composition!
And their purpose was energy and associated with cosmic energy, the use of which is still unknown to us. It was then only another civilization of people, in particular, the Egyptians began to worship the supreme gods, who built the pyramids and made tombs for the pharaohs out of them, this is already a religion and a separate issue. As you understand, the Egyptians themselves did not build pyramids!
The most interesting question is why such giants could exist and why did they die!?
The fact is that scientists express the version of the four moons, and the gravity on the planet was completely different and the atmospheric pressure was different, under such physical conditions, giant people could feel great and live unreasonably long. And death is caused by a catastrophe, the fall of three moons on the surface of the earth.
But researchers refute this theory, since imagine what will happen if at least now our moon approaches our planet, this is not the end of the world, but simply its death. So there is an opinion that in fact the gravity on the planet was different, and around the earth there was a belt of ice asteroids, like rings around Saturn.
Therefore, the planet was extremely enriched with oxygen, which gave a strong impetus to the development of not only giant people, but also the animal world. But as a result of a change in the poles and other cosmic changes, the ice belt collapsed on the earth with a squall of water, which led to the death of this civilization, and, accordingly, climatic changes took place already close in physics to ours today. 
Below we give facts about the existence of giants:
1. In 1979, in Megalong Vzli in the Blue Mountains, locals found a huge stone sticking out above the surface of the stream, on which one could see the imprint of a part of a huge foot with five fingers. The transverse size of the fingers was seventeen centimeters. If the print had been preserved in its entirety, it would have been 60 cm long. It follows that the imprint was left by a man of six meters in height.
2. Ivan Sanderson, a world-famous zoologist, once shared a curious story about a letter he received from a certain Alan McShir. The author of the letter in 1950 worked as a bulldozer operator on the construction of a road in Alaska and reported that the workers found two huge fossilized skulls, vertebrae and leg bones in one of the grave mounds. The skulls were 58 cm high and 30 cm wide. Ancient giants had a double row of teeth and disproportionately flat heads. The vertebrae, as well as the skulls, were three times larger than those of modern humans. The length of the leg bones ranged from 150 to 180 centimeters
3. In 1899, the miners of the Ruhr region in Germany discovered the fossilized skeletons of people from 210 to 240 centimeters tall.
4. In South Africa, a fragment of a huge skull 45 centimeters high was discovered in diamond mining in 1950. Above the superciliary arches were two strange protrusions resembling small horns. Anthropologists, in whose hands the find fell, determined the age of the skull - about nine million years.
In a variety of sources there is a lot of documentary information about the giants. Let's take a look at some of them.
5. In South Africa, on the Okovango River, the natives talk about giants who lived in the past in these places. One of their legends says that “the giants were endowed with incredible strength. With one hand they blocked the flow of rivers. Their voices were so loud that they could be heard from one village to another. When one of the giants coughed, the birds seemed to be blown away by the wind.
6. On the hunt, they walked hundreds of kilometers a day, and the killed elephants and hippos were easily thrown onto their shoulders and carried home. Their weapons were bows made from palm trunks. Even the earth wore them with difficulty.
7. And Inca legends say that during the reign of Inca XII Ayatarko Kuso, from the side of the ocean on huge reed rafts, people of such enormous growth arrived in the country that even the tallest Indian only reached their knees. Their hair fell to their shoulders and their faces were beardless.
8. Some of them wore animal skins, others went completely naked. Moving along the coast, they devastated the country - after all, each of them ate more at a time than 50 people could eat!
9. On one of the adobe tablets of ancient Babylon it is said that the priests of the Babylonian state received all astronomical knowledge from giants over 4 meters tall who lived in South Asia.
10. Ibn Fadlan, an Arab traveler who lived a thousand years ago, saw a six-meter skeleton of a man, which was shown to him by the subjects of the Khazar king. A skeleton of the same size, being in Switzerland in the museum of the city of Lucerne, was seen by Russian classic writers Turgenev and Korolenko. They were told that these huge bones were discovered in 1577 in a mountain cave by the physician Felix Platner.
11. Only four- or six-meter giants were not the most gigantic. Conquering America, the Spaniards allegedly discovered in one of the Aztec temples a skeleton as much as 20 meters tall. This is the scale of the giants. The Spaniards sent him as a gift to the Pope. And a certain Whitney, who served at the beginning of the 19th century as the chief archaeologist for the US government, examined a skull with a diameter of two meters. He was found in one of the mines in Ohio.
12. Obvious evidence of the existence of giants are the imprints of their huge feet. The most famous of them is located in South Africa. It was found by a local farmer Stoffel Kötzi at the beginning of the last century. A “left footprint” is imprinted into an almost vertical wall to a depth of about 12 centimeters. Its length is 1 meter 28 centimeters. It is believed that the owner of huge growth came when the breed was soft. Then it froze, turned into granite and stood upright due to geological processes.
13. One thing is surprising: why are giant human bones not exhibited in any museum in the world? The only answer that some scientists give is that they deliberately hid unique finds, otherwise Darwin's theory of evolution would have completely collapsed and it would have been necessary to change views on the entire history of mankind and its appearance on earth.
Why did we shrink?
Dr. Karl Bohm believes that in the distant past, natural conditions favored the enhanced growth of a person, and then they changed dramatically, and people "crushed".
"Optimal genetic development," Bohm says, "is when everything in an organism's DNA develops entirely through favorable atmospheric conditions." In his opinion, before the Flood, the ozone layer was much thicker, and after it only one-seventh remained. The decrease in the ozone layer led to a weakening of protection from solar radiation, which affected plants, animals, and, naturally, humans. 
