What a city Pereslavl is now. Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky

city, r.ts., Yaroslavl region It was first mentioned in the chronicle in 1152. How mountains Pereslavl, founded book Yuri Dolgoruky. Oikonym was transferred from the Kyiv land, where mountains Pereyaslavl was mentioned already in 907 G. Since XV V. to distinguish it from other cities of the same name, the name Zalessky is added to the name Pereslavl, i.e. located in Zalesye - this is how the Rostov-Suzdal principality was called in Ancient Rus'. Cm. also Lake Pleshcheyevo.

Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. - M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

city ​​in Yaroslavl region , to the southeast. shore of the lake Pleshcheyevo (at the confluence of the Trubezh River), 124 km to the southwest. from Yaroslavl. 44 thousand inhabitants (2003). Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as Pereyaslavl (called that until the 15th century), was a fortified point on the border of the Rostov-Suzdal principality. In 1175–1302 - the center of the Pereyaslavl-Zalessky principality. In 1688–93 Peter I built a training “amusing” flotilla on the lake. In the center, the earthen ramparts of ancient fortifications have been preserved, inside of which is the Transfiguration Cathedral (1152, 1157–60). Ensembles of Fedorovsky (XV century), Danilovo-Troitsky (1508), Goritsky (XV century), Nikitsky (XVI century) monasteries. Historical and artistic museum with branches (museum-estate "Botik" of Peter I, local history museum, art gallery). Chemical, construction, light and food. industry Near the city - formerly. estate of F.I. Chaliapin.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Ekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of academician. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Pereslavl-Zalessky

Pereslavl-Zalessky (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) - a city in Russian Federation (cm. Russia), regional center of Yaroslavl (cm. Yaroslavl region) region (cm. Yaroslavl region). The city is located in the northeastern part of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, on the southeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the confluence of the Trubezh River, 21 km from the Beredeevo railway station, 124 km southwest of Yaroslavl. Population - 44.7 thousand inhabitants (2001). Pereslavl-Zalessky is included in the “Golden Ring” of Russia (cm. Gold ring of Russia).
The city was founded in 1152 as a fortress on the southern borders of North-Eastern Rus' by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky upon his return from a campaign against the city of Chernigov. Pereslavl had defensive structures with a high rampart (up to 10 m), double wooden walls (not preserved) with 12 towers, three of which were passable. The fortifications were covered by the Trubezh River, as well as a large ditch called the Grobleya River. The first appanage prince of Pereslavl was Vsevolod the Big Nest. Pereslavl was the center of Pereslavl Opole - a fertile agricultural region. Alexander Nevsky was born in the city in May 1220, whose life is closely connected with the history of Pereslavl. Until the beginning of the 15th century, the city was repeatedly subjected to Tatar raids; in 1611-1612 it suffered from Polish invaders. Since the 15th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky has been the patrimony of Moscow princes.
In 1688-1693, on Lake Pleshcheyevo, near the village of Veskovo, Peter I built a “funny” flotilla. Later, Peter I visited these places several times and showed concern for the preservation of the ships, yachts, and galleys built here. In 1708 the city was assigned to the Moscow province. In 1778, Pereslavl-Zalessky received the status of a district town and became part of the Vladimir governorate, later the province. Attractions
The oldest building in Pereslavl is the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1152-1157. Here Sergius of Radonezh was ordained abbot, Alexander Nevsky was baptized, the temple was burned and looted several times. Until the end of the 19th century, the cathedral contained contributions from Yuri Dolgoruky - a silver chalice, a cup and an icon of the Savior, now stored in the Historical Museum of Moscow. Next to the cathedral on Red Square there is a church in the name of Metropolitan Peter, built in 1585.

Monasteries play a special role in the appearance of Pereslavl. One of the oldest monasteries in Russia is the Nikitsky Monastery, supposedly founded in 1010 by Prince Boris in honor of the Great Martyr Nikita. The central place in the monastery is occupied by the Nikitsky Cathedral, built in 1561-1564. On the south side of the cathedral there is the chapel of Nikita the Stylite. To the south of the cathedral there is a complex of monastic buildings, among which the Church of the Annunciation with a refectory and bell tower (1564) stands out. On the territory of the monastery, fraternal cells from the 17th and 18th centuries and an octagonal chapel with preserved paintings on themes from the life of Nikita the Stylite have been preserved. The fortress walls and towers of the Nikitsky Monastery were erected in the 17th and 18th centuries.

In the southern part of Pereslavl is the Dormition Goritsky Monastery, founded, presumably, in the 12th century on the site of the Shutovaya Grove, a pagan temple. In 1382 the monastery was burned by the Tatars. The current ensemble was formed in the 17th and 18th centuries. It includes the Holy Gate with the Nikolskaya gate tower of the 17th century; Assumption Cathedral (the beginning of construction dates back to the second half of the 18th century); Church of All Saints with a refectory (17th century); Church of the Epiphany with a bell tower (18th century); two 18th-century towers; wooden chapels from the 19th century. The historical and art museum-reserve, located on the territory of the Goritsky Monastery, was opened in 1919 thanks to the efforts of local historian M. I. Smirnov. The museum's collection includes tens of thousands of exhibits.

Opposite the Goritsky Monastery there is a men's monastery - the Trinity-Danilov Monastery, founded in 1508 by the hieromonk of the Goritsky Monastery Daniil. The center of the monastery is the Trinity Cathedral, built in 1532. In the 17th century, after being destroyed during the Time of Troubles, the monastery was rebuilt in stone at the expense of Prince I.P. Baryatinsky. Then the Church of the Praise of the Virgin Mary with a refectory (1653-1696), a bell tower with a German clock (1689), and the stone Church of All Saints (1687) were created. The walls of the monastery have not been preserved, but the Holy Gate with the gate church of Our Lady of Tikhvin (1750) remains.

The most remote of the monasteries in Pereslavl is the Fedorovsky Monastery, founded in memory of the battle between the Tver people and the Muscovites. In the center of the cathedral square is the Cathedral of Fyodor Stratelates - the most ancient building of the monastery (1562). In 1710, the sister of Tsar Peter I, Natalya Alekseevna, rebuilt the Vvedenskaya Church, and in 1714, the hospital church of Our Lady of Kazan. The shrines of the monastery were all-Russian - the icons of Our Lady of Fedorov (family icon of the House of Romanov) and Our Lady of Bogolyubsk. St. Nicholas Monastery was founded by Dmitry Prilutsky presumably in 1348. The monastery suffered serious destruction already under Soviet rule - in 1932. The 18th century Annunciation Church and cells from the late 19th century have been restored in the monastery, and the monastery fence with gates has been rebuilt.

It is impossible to imagine the architectural appearance of Pereslavl without churches located on many squares and streets. These include: Vladimirskaya (1745), Alexander Nevsky Church (1746), Sorokosvyatskaya in Rybnaya Sloboda (1775), Simeonovskaya (1771), Chernigov Chapel (1702), Sretenskaya (late 18th - early 19th centuries). Of the civil buildings of the 18th century, the estate of the Timerin merchants (second half of the 18th century) and the building of the oldest manufactory in Russia have been preserved.
Of interest to tourists is the museum-estate “Boat of Peter I” with a stone obelisk in honor of Peter I. His boat “Fortune” is kept here. Not far from the museum-estate is the ancient village of Usolye, known from the stories of M. M. Prishvin, whose house has been preserved in the village. In addition, in Pereslavl there is a museum of the history of the fleet, a railway museum, and an arboretum garden (founded in 1956 by the forester S. F. Kharitonov). Near the city is the estate of F.I. Chaliapin, the dacha of the artist K.A. Korovin. On the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo near the Vexa River there is the Kukhmar tract, where there was a Neolithic site. In the vicinity of Pereslavl, the Kleshchinsky complex was discovered - an archaeological site, the center of which is the chronicle predecessor of Pereslavl, the city of Kleshchin. Near the city is Alexander Mountain, the top of which is popularly called Yarilina Pleshya, and at its foot lies Sin-Kamen - a place of worship for pagans.
The Pereslavl History and Art Museum is located in the School Building of the Goritsky Monastery. The museum was founded in 1918 and unites the local history museum, the art gallery named after D. N. Kardovsky, the Botik estate and Gorki-Pereslavskie (the estate of the merchant A. A. Ganshin, restored in 1964 and 1985 - the reason for the restoration was the fact that one of V.I. Lenin’s works was published underground here).

Encyclopedia of tourism Cyril and Methodius. 2008 .

See what “Pereslavl-Zalessky” is in other dictionaries:

Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. View of part of the city. PERESLAVL ZALESSKY (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, in Russia, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the Trubezh River. 43.4 thousand inhabitants. Railroad station. Production of magnetic tape,... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region, on the shore of lake. Pleshcheevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh, 21 km from the railway station. d. st. Berendeevo. 45.2 thousand inhabitants (1998). Slavich software (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper, etc.); light, food industry.... ...Russian history

- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl), a city in the Yaroslavl region of the RSFSR, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. Founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as one of the fortified points covering the Rostov-Suzdal land. The remains of urban earthworks have been preserved... Art encyclopedia

Pereslavl-Zalessky- Pereslavl Zalessky. Pereslavl Zalessky, a city in the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Pereslavl region, 124 km southwest of Yaroslavl. Located in the northeastern part of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, on the southeastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo, at... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

- (until the 15th century Pereyaslavl) a city in the Russian Federation, Yaroslavl region, on the shore of lake. Pleshcheyevo, at the mouth of the river. Trubezh. Railroad station. 43.5 thousand inhabitants (1993). Production Association Slavich (production of magnetic tape, photographic paper and... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Noun, number of synonyms: 1 city (2765) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

This term has other meanings, see Pereslavl Zalessky (film, 1960). This term has other meanings, see Pereyaslavl. City of Pereslavl Zalessky Flag Coat of Arms ... Wikipedia

Located on the Trubezh River and Lake Pleshcheyevo, 117 kilometers from the regional center, 140 kilometers from the capital of Russia. The area of ​​the settlement is 23 square kilometers.

According to historical data, the city appeared in 1152 thanks to Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, who wanted to make Pereslavl-Zalessky the North-Eastern capital.

At the end of the 13th century, the settlement became the de facto capital of North-Eastern Rus'. Also at this time, Pereslavl was plundered several times by Horde invaders.

In 1374, a meeting of boyars and princes was organized in the city, at which the question of liberating Rus' from the Tatar-Mongol yoke was first raised.

In 1688, on the city lake, by order of Peter, the construction of a flotilla began, and four years later a parade was organized in honor of the completion of construction.

In 1884, the Pereslavl water supply system was built in the village. In 1936, the city became part of the Yaroslavl region. Moscow time is msk in Pereslavl.

Telephone code of Pereslavl-Zalessky - 48535. Postal code - 152024.

Industrial enterprises: bakery, production of plastic utensils, workshop of the Kodak company, production of building materials, tobacco production, food production.

The city is part of the Golden Ring tourist route.

Climate and weather

A temperate continental climate prevails in Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Winters are moderately cold and long. Summer is warm and short.

The warmest month is July - average temperature is 18.2 degrees, the coldest month is February - average temperature is -8.3 degrees.

The average annual precipitation is 635 mm.

Weather in Pereslavl-Zalessky

Population of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky for 2019-2020

Population data was obtained from the State Statistics Service. Graph of changes in the number of residents over the past 10 years.

The total number of residents in 2018 was 38.6 thousand people.

The data from the graph shows a steady decline in population from 42,700 people in 2006 to 38,649 people in 2018.

As of January 2019, Pereslavl-Zalessky ranked 402nd out of 1,117 cities in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.

Sights of Pereslavl-Zalessky

1.Lake Pleshcheyevo- a natural landmark of the southwest of the Yaroslavl region. Overall dimensions of the reservoir: length up to 9 kilometers, width up to 6 kilometers, depth up to 25 meters. A pumping station is installed next to the lake, which supplies the city with water.

2.Blue stone- a historical natural site, which is located on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo and has been here since the times of pagan Rus'. The stone received its name for its ability to change its color depending on the weather. Overall dimensions of the stone: length - 3 meters, width - 2.6 meters, weight 12 tons.

3.Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky- a monument in the form of a bronze bust was erected in honor of the founder of Pereslavl-Zalessky. At the moment, the monument is located on the territory of the Goritsky Monastery.

Transport

The city is home to the Pereslavl railway station, which connects the city with Rostov, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Alexandrov.

City transport consists of buses and minibuses.

From the city bus station there are bus services to

Pereslavl-Zalessky is a city (since 1152) of regional subordination (urban district) in the Yaroslavl region, administrative center Pereslavl district, which is not included. Population - 40,028 people. (2015).

The city is located 140 kilometers from Moscow, on the M8 highway “Kholmogory” Moscow - Arkhangelsk, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo, at the confluence of the Trubezh River. Center of the Pleshcheyevo Lake National Park. The kilometer sign “140 km” is located in the city center at the turn from Svoboda Street to Rostovskaya Street. The final railway station on the freight line from Berendeevo (Moscow - Yaroslavl line).

The city is part of the Golden Ring of Russia. In 2009, the city was visited by 292.6 thousand people, 91% of whom came here on an excursion. At the same time, 2% of tourists (5.8 thousand people) were foreigners.

Source: Wikipedia

• Ramparts of the city of Kleshchina
• Ramparts of the city of Kleshchina
• Blue stone
• Blue stone
• Transfiguration Cathedral
• Transfiguration Cathedral
• Transfiguration Cathedral
• Transfiguration Cathedral
• Nikitsky Monastery
• Nikitsky Monastery
• Nikitsky Monastery
• Nikitsky Monastery
• Nikitsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Dormition Goritsky Monastery
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Holy Trinity Danilov Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Feodorovsky Monastery
• Varvarin spring
• Varvarin spring
• Alexander Nevsky Church
• Vladimir Cathedral and Alexander Nevsky Church
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Museum-estate "Boat of Peter I"
• Church of the Forty Martyrs
• Church of the Forty Martyrs
• Church of the Forty Martyrs
• Church of the Forty Martyrs
• Znamenskaya Church
• Znamenskaya Church
• Iron Museum
• Iron Museum
• Alexander Nevsky Museum
• Alexander Nevsky Museum
• Teapot Museum
• Teapot Museum
• Museum of Cunning and Ingenuity
• Museum of Cunning and Ingenuity
• Radio Museum
• Radio Museum
• Museum of Gramophones and Records
• Museum of Antique Sewing Machines
• Museum of Antique Sewing Machines

Pereslavl-Zalessky is one of the most ancient cities in the center of Russia, part of the Yaroslavl region. The history of the city is very interesting; it includes many significant events. It preserves the memory of many famous personalities, government and religious figures and important milestones in the formation of the Russian state. Situated in a very picturesque area, the city is an architectural monument. This is one of the few places where many ancient examples of Russian architecture have survived to this day.
Pereslavl is one of the famous a tourist route“The Golden Ring of Russia”, and is rightfully considered its pearl.

Location

Pereslavl-Zalessky is located in the middle of the route from Moscow to Yaroslavl. Small in area, the city has an elongated shape and occupies many kilometers along the Yaroslavl road.

The place in which Pereslavl-Zalessky is located is unconventional for Central Russia. The city was founded on the shore of a large lake at the mouth of the Trubezh River; in its vicinity there are two mountain ranges. Dense mixed forests alternate with open areas.

Trubezh divides the city into two approximately equal parts. The southern part is less populated, the private sector is located here, and in the northern part there are many new buildings.

Natural conditions

Zalessky region is a protected area. It uniquely combines vegetation typical of both northern forests and southern taiga.

The absolute pearl of Zalesye is Lake Pleshcheyevo. This amazing body of water is of glacial origin and is more than 30,000 years old.

Lake Pleshcheyevo National Park attracts lovers of hiking in picturesque areas, fishermen and fans of active recreation. Here you can swim, go boating, and windsurf.

One of the objects of attention of tourists is the Blue Stone, which is a huge boulder of a grayish-blue color. According to legends, this stone has magical properties.

The dendrological garden of Pereslavl contains thousands of plant species from different parts of the globe.

City `s history

The first settlements in these places appeared before our era. Their traces are near Lake Pleshcheeva and on the coast of the Trubezh River. At the beginning of the new era, the ancient Merya tribe, representing the Finno-Ugric language group, lived on the site of present-day Pereslavl-Zalessky. The sanctuaries of this people include the mysterious Blue Stone, which is associated with a lot of legends.

The beauty of the local nature and the richness of the area attracted Slavic tribes here. The Krivichi and Slovenes were the first to settle on the shores of Lake Pleshcheevo.

Over time, a city called Kleshchin appeared on a hill near the lake, on the site of which Pereslavl was built.

The founding date of the city is considered to be 1152. Chronicles claim that this year Prince Yuri Dolgoruky ordered the construction of a fortress here for defense against numerous enemies. The reliable, strong structure was surrounded by earthen ramparts about 15 meters high. Inside, the prince ordered the foundation of a white stone temple, called Spaso-Preobrazhensky. In those days, temples acted as centers of princely power.
According to legend, the created city was named Pereyaslavl New, in honor of the hometown of Prince Dolgoruky Pereyaslavl South. Over time, one letter from the name dropped out. The definition of “Zalessky” appeared due to the geographical location of the city from the phrase “behind the forest”.

Heyday

The Pereslavl principality reached its heyday in the 12th century, when Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest came to power, and then his son Yaroslav. The city turned into one of the cultural centers of Rus'. People with good education served at the princely court, a chronicle was created here, icon painting, architecture, and wood carving received great development.

From the beginning of the 13th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky acted as the center of an appanage principality. At this time, the reins of government passed to Yaroslav's son, the famous commander Alexander Nevsky, who ruled the city for 23 years.

Pereslavl is considered the birthplace of Alexander. Many memorable places located here are associated with his name. The princely chambers stood on Red Square, where the future commander was born, he was baptized in the Transfiguration Cathedral, and the Boris and Gleb Monastery, founded by the prince, is located on Alexander Hill. In the city there is a monument to Alexander Nevsky and a church built in his honor.

The Pereslavl squad, led by the prince, successfully fought during the Battle of the Neva and the Battle of the Ice.

At the end of the 13th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky was repeatedly attacked by the Tatar-Mongols and was significantly devastated.

Since the last ruling prince did not leave any heirs, in 1302 the Pereslavl principality became part of the Moscow state.

Reign of Ivan the Terrible

Ivan IV (the Terrible) showed considerable interest in the Pereslavl principality. Pereslavl could play an important defensive role, and therefore the fortified Nikitsky Monastery was built here. There is an assumption that craftsmen from the Caucasus took part in the construction of the fortress, who came to Moscow together with the wife of Ivan the Terrible, Maria Temryukovna.

On the initiative of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1564, the fortress walls, towers and cathedral of the oldest Pereslavl monastery - the Nikitsky Monastery - were rebuilt. In honor of the birth of the Tsar's son Fyodor, the Cathedral of Fyodor Stratelates was founded in the Fyodorovsky Monastery. 7 kilometers from the city, at the birthplace of Ivan the Terrible’s son, the Cross Chapel has stood since 1557.

Pereslavl-Zalessky gradually became a trade and craft center. He was repeatedly honored with visits from the great Moscow princes and kings. Within the city there were five monasteries where people came for pilgrimages. The monasteries have survived to varying degrees to this day. The kings were also attracted here by the hunting grounds.

Oddly enough, it was the freshwater herring, the so-called vendace, that brought real fame to the city. It even became an element of the city coat of arms. This fish was placed on the royal table and played an important role in the feasts. It was believed that in this way the voluntary entry of the Pereslavl principality into the Moscow state was celebrated, which marked the beginning of the unification of Russian lands.

Time of Troubles

At the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries, Pereslavl-Zalessky, like many Russian cities, suffered seriously from the Polish invaders. At first, the townspeople supported False Dmitry and took his side. But soon a riot broke out, which was suppressed by Lisovsky’s troops. The city was almost completely destroyed.

After the liberation of the city, the Pereslavl squad participated in the liberation of Moscow from Polish troops.

Reign of Peter I

Pereslavl-Zalessky can be called one of the “homelands of the Russian fleet.” It was on Lake Pleshcheyevo at the end of the 17th century that the young Tsar Peter began the construction of a “fun flotilla”. To create this miniature squadron, craftsmen were gathered from all over the country. And although this flotilla initially acted as one of the tsar’s entertainments, it certainly played a significant role in the further development of the Russian fleet. From 1688 to 1692 More than 100 ships were launched, including several large frigates.

Pereslavl is called the birthplace of the Russian fleet, and Lake Pleshcheyevo is its cradle.

One surviving boat with the symbolic name “Fortune” has survived to this day. It is exhibited in a museum three kilometers south of the city, on the shore of Lake Pleshcheevo in the place where the shipyard was once located. Nearby there is a monument to Peter I.

Further development

Subsequent centuries did not bring much glory to the city.

From the beginning of the 18th century, Pereslavl-Zalessky turned into an ordinary district town of the Moscow province, and at the end of the century it became part of the Vladimir province. The suspension of development is due to the lack of direct railway communication. Due to the peculiarities of the terrain, the railway was built 23 km from the city. Probably, the significance of Pereslavl and its size were not considered particularly significant at that time. To connect the city with the chain of railways, it was necessary to lay a hook, but this was not done.

However, the absence of this type of transport in Pereslavl also brought some advantages. The historical and architectural appearance of the city is well preserved. Not only the buildings have reached us, Pereslavl is the only place where the circular city rampart has completely survived. Now it serves as a place for walking, from where you can admire beautiful panoramic views.

The unique nature of the land of Zalesye, its architectural and historical monuments attracted many cultural and artistic figures: M. Prishvin, N. Ostrovsky, M. Gorky, F. Chaliapin, D. Kardovsky, O. Della-Vos-Kardovskaya, Korovin and V. Serov .

Modernity

Now Pereslavl-Zalessky is the third largest city in the Yaroslavl region. Its population is more than 23 thousand people. The development of the city is determined by the scientific, industrial and tourism spheres. It is home to an academic institute of software systems and a university.

The industry of Pereslavl-Zalessky is represented mainly by chemical and textile enterprises.

In the first half of the last century, the first film factory in the Soviet Union began operating here. Subsequently, on its basis, the Slavich company was created, which currently specializes in the production of photographic products, film and magnetic tapes.

Of particular interest are the products produced by the Novy Mir embroidery factory. Here, traditional Russian patterns are skillfully applied to fabrics of any texture.

During the Soviet Union, Pereslavl was included in the most interesting tourist route “Golden Ring of Russia”. Currently, this ancient city receives about 200,000 tourists a year.

The unusual architecture of Pereslavl-Zalessky is of particular interest. Modern tall buildings here coexist harmoniously with ancient buildings, churches and monasteries. And although many of the ancient buildings cannot be classified as masterpieces of architecture, all of them are in one way or another connected with certain events in the history of Rus' and are of considerable interest from this point of view.

Religious monuments

During the Muscovite kingdom, Pereslavl-Zalessky occupied the position of the religious center of the Russian state, second only to the capital in importance. This period in the history of the city is associated with the names of Sergius of Radonezh, Metropolitans Peter and Pimen, Dmitry Prilutsky and many other religious ascetics.

In the Goritsky Monastery during the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the wife of Prince Dmitry Donskoy, Evdokia, with her little son in her arms, fled from persecution. The monastery was destroyed by the Tatars, and later restored with donations from Evdokia.

Tsars Ivan the Terrible and Vasily III came to the monasteries of Pereslavl on pilgrimage. They made great contributions to the development and strengthening of such famous monasteries as the Trinity, Danilov and Nikitsky monasteries.

In the churches and monasteries of Pereslavl, the lives of many religious figures took place, who were later canonized as saints by the Orthodox Church.

Holy springs

In the vicinity of Pereslavl there are several underground springs. The water flowing from these springs is considered holy. Believers sincerely revere her, calling her healing.

Many legends and historical events are associated with the springs.

In a small chapel on the shore of the lake you can see the source of St. Barbara, which received its name after the appearance of the icon of this saint to the village holy fool.

The history of the Gremyach spring is interesting. According to legend, lightning once struck a large oak tree. In the place where the discharge went underground, a spring formed, which does not freeze in cold weather, and in the summer heat is protected from scorching rays by dense vegetation. Due to the low content of iron oxide in the water, the spring itself, its banks and aquatic flora have a reddish color.

The spring named after Nikita Pereslavsky is especially revered by religious people. According to legend, it was dug by the saint himself. The spring is surrounded by a small picturesque chapel and equipped with a bathhouse. It is believed that by bathing in its waters, you can be cured of any disease.

Legends of Zaleski town

The collection of household items on display covers a period of several centuries. Here you can see dishes for various purposes, samovars, tea boxes, table scales, and advertising signs. The museum is especially proud of its largest collection of irons of various shapes and sizes. Their number is about 170 copies.

Previously, this exhibition was called “Museum of Crafts”. Here are presented the original tools used by Pereslavl artisans, as well as the goods they produced: furniture and utensils.

Vase Museum

In the former manor's estate there is a large number of vases, decanters, jugs and bowls created by skilled craftsmen of past centuries. In the museum you can buy souvenirs, as well as get a master class on artistic painting of dishes.

Berendey's House

The museum promotes the preservation of national Russian traditions and crafts.

Here you can buy original souvenirs made by craftsmen literally before your eyes, and try your hand at painting during daily master classes.

The house regularly holds folklore programs, during which visitors can have a lot of fun at the Fairytale Berendey Glade, where guests are greeted by the legendary Tsar himself. Here you can celebrate Maslenitsa, the Red Hill holiday and the Midwifery Rite.

Steam Locomotive Museum

The only railway museum of its kind in Russia. It is a railway line of a former narrow-gauge railway, overlooking a beautiful clearing in the middle of Lake Bludov. In several depots and on the tracks there is an exhibition of steam locomotives, carriages, railcars and other equipment. Those who wish are given the opportunity to ride on a steam locomotive or handcar.

The museum's collection consists of more than a hundred copies of all kinds of teapots made of various materials. Most of them date back to the century before last. Candy boxes, sugar bowls, spoons and other items related to the tea traditions of Rus' are also displayed here.

Money Museum

The private collection includes banknotes ranging from ancient Greek coins to securities of the last century. The exhibition also includes a selection of awards from Russia and European countries, expensive porcelain and antique toys.

Museum "The Birth of a Fairy Tale" or the Thirtieth Kingdom

The territory of the museum is stylized as an ancient Russian town. The entrance to it is blocked by massive gates with wooden towers. In the royal palace, guests are greeted by the owner himself and his daughter Vasilisa. Here you can take part in entertainment programs, frolic on the playground, but most importantly, the city museum is filled with characters from famous fairy tales and legends. Baba Yaga, Leshy, Vodyany, Brownies and Kikimors are waiting for the children in her hut.

Attractions:

The Kremlin, surrounded by an earthen rampart that has survived to this day, was the center of the city founded in 1152.
On the territory of the modern Kremlin there are several temples and churches and Red Square.

The single-domed cathedral made of white stone was founded in the 12th century by order of Yuri Dolgoruky. The temple is one of the most ancient architectural structures in the country. Currently it is located on the territory of the Pereslavl Kremlin and is a branch of the museum-reserve. Access to the interior of the cathedral is limited.

Red Square

The central square of Pereslavl-Zalessky, the place from which the construction of the city began. It is located on the territory of the Kremlin and is one of the favorite places for city residents to walk.

One of the most famous monasteries. The buildings that have survived to this day date back to the 17th and 18th centuries. On the territory of the monastery there is a beautiful Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. Its main difference is the luxurious iconostasis, consisting of several tiers.

The estate is one of the oldest museums in Russia. It is located on Lake Pleshcheevo, in the very place where Tsar Peter’s “amusing flotilla” was born. The ensemble of the estate consists of the White Palace, the Botny House and the Triumphal Gate. The surviving boat “Fortune” and a monument to Peter himself are also kept here.

Its origin dates back to the 12th century. The monastery was founded by order of Prince Boris Vladimirovich. The prince wanted the local residents, who worshiped pagan gods, to be converted to Christianity. Over its centuries-old history, the Nikitsky Monastery has been destroyed more than once; the last devastation befell it in the last century. Nowadays, the entire monastery complex has been completely restored.

Nikolsky Monastery

St. Nicholas Convent was founded in 1350 by Dmitry Prilutsky. Over the years, it was destroyed several times, but has now been rebuilt. The main shrine of the monastery is the Korsun cross, brought here in the 17th century. Next to it is the Smolensk-Kornilievskaya Church, the only building that has survived from the Monastery of Boris and Gleb.

The legendary huge boulder lies on the shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo. It got its name due to its peculiar bluish-gray tint. The blue stone has been considered miraculous since ancient times. Currently, the stone block is gradually deepening into the coastal soil.

The Kleshchinsky complex, located on the shores of Lake Pleshcheeva, has the status of an archaeological monument. In ancient times, settlements of the Merya people, and then Slavic tribes, were located here. The legendary Blue Stone located here was a symbol of their religious worship. For a long time, the center of this region was a city called Kleshchin, on the site of which Pereslavl-Zalessky was later founded. One of the objects of the complex is Alexandrova Mountain, which in ancient times was called Yarilin’s bald spot. From the top of the mountain there is a breathtaking view of Lake Pleshcheyevo and the panorama of the city.

"There is a lost world in Russia,
That lives not for words, not for fame,
What is lost, like Kitezh, by people -
This is a city in the forests - Pereslavl."
(Natalia Martishina)

Pereslavl-Zalessky is an ancient Russian city, located in the very center of Russia, 140 km. from Moscow. This is the second tourist destination of the Golden Ring after Sergiev Posad on the Moscow-Kholmogory federal highway leading from the capital to the White Sea. Pereslavl and its surroundings contain many wonderful ancient monuments of the 12th-19th centuries and “places of memory” associated with important historical events and famous personalities.

I love this cute, cozy town so much that in my own ranking of ancient Russian cities it is firmly in the top three, and perhaps even takes first place in it. I am drawn here again and again, and especially drawn when I have just left it.

Entering Pereslavl, 4 km. from the city limits, we see the Chapel "Cross" (Fedorovskaya). At this very place in the 16th century, while on a trip to holy places, the wife of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarina Anastasia Romanova, gave birth to Tsarevich Fyodor. Fedor became the last king of the fading Rurik dynasty. In honor of his birth, Ivan the Terrible ordered the erection of a cross of gratitude, which was later replaced by a stone chapel.

By the way, there were three Pereslavl in Rus'. “To take over the glory” meant “to win.” Back in Kievan Rus in the 10th century, a certain youth defeated the Pecheneg hero in single combat, “took over his glory,” and in honor of this feat, the city of Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny, now the city of Khmelnitsky, was founded. In 1095, the second Pereyaslavl, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan, arose, now this city is called Ryazan. And only the third Pereyaslavl, after the letter “I” dropped out of the city’s name in the 15th century, is our Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is the same age as Moscow. It was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152 in Zalesye, an area separated from the southern Russian steppes by dense forests. Under Dolgoruky and his immediate descendants, Pereslavl was a powerful fortress that protected the capital cities of Vladimir and Suzdal from the Volga Bulgars and Smolensk and Novgorod armies during the time of princely strife.

The city experienced its dawn in the 13th century, when it became the center of an appanage principality. The first Pereslavl prince was Yaroslav, the son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest. Under him, the city turned into a major political and cultural center of North-Eastern Rus'. Below we see the defensive earthen rampart that surrounded the city center.

Yaroslav's son Alexander Nevsky became famous for his victories over the Swedes on the Neva River in 1240 and over the Teutonic knights on Lake Peipus (Battle of the Ice). In the 16th century he was canonized as an all-Russian saint. His son Dmitry in 1276 became the Grand Duke of Vladimir and made Pereslavl the de facto capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal land.

His son Ivan Dmitrievich was the last Pereslavl prince. He died childless in 1302, and his inheritance went to his uncle, the son of Alexander Nevsky, Daniil, the first Moscow prince, after whom Moscow gradually became the main princely center. But in order to keep Pereslavl in their power, the Moscow princes for another 160 years were forced to accept the title of Prince of Pereslavl. This ritual disappeared only after Dmitry Donskoy.

During the period of the Tatar yoke, Pereslavl was completely bankrupt and burned to the ground six times. In 1374, an important event took place in the city that preceded the Battle of Kulikovo - a congress of Russian princes took place here, the reason for which was the baptism of Dmitry Donskoy’s son Yuri. The ceremony was conducted by the Abbot of the Russian Land - St. Sergius of Radonezh. At this congress, an important decision was made to fight the Mongols.

In the 15th and 16th centuries Pereslavl became a major craft and shopping center Moscow Rus'. The sovereign's falconers and fishermen played a special role. The fishermen who supplied their catch to the Moscow Kremlin lived along the banks of the mouth of the Trubezh River. This place in the city is still called Rybnaya Sloboda. We can see the mouth of the river in the photo below.

The Pereslavl Great Road, which crossed the city in two in pre-Petrine Russia, was called Yamskaya. The largest settlement of coachmen here was called Yam, and there were about 70 households. We see this road in the very center of the city in the photo.

Here, on hunting and pilgrimage, Vasily III and Ivan the Terrible visited more than once. After the devastation of the Time of Troubles, the city was almost entirely rebuilt. At the end of the 17th century, Pereslavl was destined to become the cradle of the Russian navy. Young Peter I built his first “amusing” flotilla here.

It is best to start getting acquainted with the city from the place where it originated, from Red Square (formerly Cathedral Square), with its city ramparts, the 12th century Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral and other ancient monuments. Pereslavl-Zalessky was founded on a cape formed by the Trubezh River and the Murmash River. From the south and west the city was surrounded by the artificial Grobl ditch.

Pereslavl was the largest of the fortresses built by Yuri Dolgoruky. Only later was it surpassed by the fortifications of the new capital of North-Eastern Rus' - Vladimir. The 12th century earthen rampart that has survived to this day reaches a circumference of 2.5 km, its height is about 10 m, and its width is 6 m. We, of course, walked along its perimeter.

Near the ramparts rises the oldest temple in Pereslavl - the Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1152-1157. This is the earliest surviving monument of Vladimir-Suzdal architecture of the pre-Mongol era.

This is a small, 21 meter high, fortress temple, intended for the needs of the princely court and the garrison of the fortress city. This is what determined its stern, monumental appearance, with virtually no decorative decoration.

To the left of the cathedral, near the city rampart, in the 13th century there stood the palace of the Pereslavl appanage princes. According to legend, here, in 1220, the Russian national hero, Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky, was born. Now, presumably at this place we see such a wooden structure.

But, alas, there is no exact data. The memorial plaque hangs not on a wooden house, but on the cathedral, and does not indicate the exact location. You can understand that the great commander was probably born somewhere here, probably somewhere nearby, most likely nearby.

In 1958, in memory of the great fellow countryman, a bronze bust of Alexander Nevsky by sculptor S.M. Orlov was installed on Red Square in Pereslavl in front of the Transfiguration Cathedral. The bust and the cathedral are symbols of the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky.

Not far from the cathedral, in a place called the “sovereign courtyard”, rises one of the most beautiful and oldest churches in the city - the tented church of Peter the Metropolitan. It was built in honor of Peter, Metropolitan of Vladimir, who was accused by the Tver clergy of trading in church positions. Peter was acquitted, became an associate of Ivan Kalita and was later canonized as a Russian saint. The shape of the temple resembles the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye in Moscow.

The preserved part of the architectural ensemble of the Vladimir-Sretensky Novodevichy Convent is also adjacent to Red Square. Here we see two churches - Vladimir Cathedral and the Church of St. Alexander Nevsky.

The construction of paired temples, similar in architecture, is a tradition of the Yaroslavl school of architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 1990s, worship was restored in both churches.

From the monastery, part of the buildings of which was destroyed in the 1930s, a fragment of the fence remains. Now there is a small market selling all kinds of souvenirs.

Nearby there is a bridge over the Trubezh River, behind which the old part of the city continues. We find ourselves on Rostovskaya Street, along which tomorrow early in the morning we will go further, to Rostov the Great, and then even further - to our beloved city of Yaroslavl.

The city has several churches built in the "provincial baroque" style of the 18th century. They are characterized by the red brick coloring of the walls and the ornate decor of the platbands and cornices. It is especially elegant at the Simeon Church, decorated with charming heads of cherubs. This church is located just behind the bridge.

And if you look into the courtyards, in front of which, unlike Moscow, there are no bars with combination locks, you can see typical Russia at the beginning of perestroika, which was so angry then, and which looks so exotic now.

The Trubezh River divides the city into two parts. Last year, the bridge across it was closed for repairs, and it was terribly inconvenient - in order to explore another part of Pereslavl, we had to make a huge detour around the perimeter of the city to return to almost the same point at a distance of twenty meters, and spend almost hour.

One of the most picturesque corners of Pereslavl is the place where the Trubezh River flows into Lake Pleshcheyevo. At the very mouth, on a small cape, there is another baroque church - the Church of the Forty Martyrs. In summer, the temple is very beautifully reflected in the water surface.

I strongly advise everyone who goes to Pereslavl to walk around the city center along the earthen rampart. You can see everything perfectly from here, and you won’t miss the main attractions. You just need to do this in dry weather, otherwise there is a risk of getting smeared; there is no asphalt or tiles on the shaft, and there are a lot of people at the top.

Most of the houses in the old part of the city are wooden, or half wooden. Living in them is probably bad, but admiring them from the outside is a pleasure. There are almost no migrant workers from the southern lands in the city, because the townspeople themselves willingly take on any work, and air trade cannot be arranged here, since the population simply does not have money.

The more modern quarters of the city still look ancient. They are very nice, do not at all correspond to the spirit of evil, bustling megacities, and here you simply relax your soul. Here, in Pereslavl-Zalessky, I suddenly had some kind of forgotten feeling, as if I was not surviving, but actually living.

This city has an incredible number of museums, mostly small, domestic ones, but still I have never seen so many museums in such a small area. They are all quite interesting. We were not in this Museum of Gramophones and Records. It is not located in the city itself, but on the shore of the lake, a few kilometers from the center.

The Radio Museum is nearby. We weren't there either.

The Iron Museum is very interesting, where irons are collected almost from the time of Yuri Dolgoruky to the present day. The museum is private and also very interesting, but we haven’t been to it either.

We just didn't time it right. It never occurred to me that such a small town could contain so many interesting things. We planned to study it in half a day and move further north, but the one and a half day of constant movement that we devoted to it was too little.

But still, we managed to go to the main museums of the city, and there will be separate topics about them. The most important one is the Goritsky Monastery, which we pass on the way to the hotel. Perhaps this is the only museum in the city that cannot be missed.

And there is also the Dendrological Museum, there is the Berendey House, there are house museums of famous people... And we have not been to them. But we visited the museum of the cradle of the Russian fleet "Peter's Boat", but about it in the next topic. We found it by chance, in such a bright restaurant literally opposite the museum, otherwise we would have driven past.

We stayed overnight at a hotel next to this museum of the same name on the very shore of Lake Pleshcheevo. Some of the inconveniences of this hotel were completely compensated by the view of the lake. The hostess, looking at me and our car (Moscow license plates), said that a double room would cost 1800, but if we wanted personal amenities and a TV, then 2500. I agreed to the second one.

Already in the room, when we tried to turn on the TV, we suffered a complete fiasco. Upon careful inspection, I discovered the complete absence of any antenna. To my angry question to the hostess why the TV didn’t work, she reasonably answered, saying, it never worked, but it’s in the room, what’s the complaint? The shower turned out to be the same, the latest system, the water was not regulated, and I first got scalded and then went numb. But this is all nonsense compared to the views of Lake Pleshcheyevo.

I am a simple person, but sometimes I am drawn to high thoughts. All of us, people, are a small particle of God, His spark. In rare moments, in rare places, these places of Power, we suddenly feel it, and we merge with the world, become part of It, the hands of God on earth, and from the heart and from the palms it’s as if a ray of such power shoots out that it illuminates these clouds. There is no death, no pain and illness, there is nothing at all except This, of which we are a small part.