Scenario of the folk fair. Russian Fair What days are the fairs

Fairs of goods of Russian manufacturers in the South-West Administrative District are located at the following addresses:
- Starokachalovskaya street, property 5a;
- Nakhimovsky prospect, possession 51/21;
- intersection of Novoyasenevsky prospect and Profsoyuznaya street.
As reported on the official portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow, a gastronomic festival has started in the capital "Gold autumn ". It will run until October 7th. In addition to the gastronomic program, the SWAD prepared an entertainment program. . . . . .

On September 28, the festival starts in the capital "Gold autumn " from the cycle “Moscow seasons” . It will last until October 7 and will delight Muscovites with delicious natural products and entertainment for every taste.

The festival site in the South-Western Administrative District will be located not far from our district, in neighboring Cheryomushki, at the address: Profsoyuznaya, vl. 41. The second site will operate in Northern Butovo at the address: Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard, vl. eleven.

In the fair town on Profsoyuznaya street, vl. 41 will open “House of ceramics” and the school of the young cook “Culinary Bureau”, and in "Forest shop" on Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard, ow. 11 will teach everyone to make crafts from wood. Also, guests will learn about computer animation in the scientific space "Science & Co".

From September 28 to October 7, a gastronomic festival will be held in Moscow "Gold autumn " from the cycle “Moscow seasons” where you can buy meat, fish and cheese products, as well as seasonal vegetables and fruits from different regions of Russia. . . . . .

During the days of the festival, Muscovites and tourists are waiting for 80 free excursions, the Agency reports. Moscow ". "As part of the festival "Gold autumn ", which will take place in the capital from September 28 to October 7, Muscovites and tourists are waiting for almost 80 free excursions dedicated to gastronomy, literature, music, history, architecture. To visit the excursions of the project "Walking around Moscow" do not forget to register on the site. And to take part in walks starting from the sites "Golden Autumn", just come to Tverskaya Square or st. Novy Arbat 10 minutes before the start of the tour," the organizing committee of the cycle of city street events said. “Moscow seasons” .

It is specified that the guests "Golden Autumn" Numerous cooking and creative workshops await, as well as concerts, interactive programs and other entertainment for the whole family. Entrance to all festival events is free for everyone.

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin opened the festival "Gold autumn ". He visited the fairground in Novokosin, opened at the request of the residents of the area. Two more festival venues have been launched in Zyablikovo on Orekhovy Boulevard and in Severny Butovo on Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard.
. . . . . According to the press service of the mayor, this year it will cover five sites in the city center and five more in other districts. The festival will feature five inter-regional and ten regional fairs, as well as 101 weekend fairs. The festival will feature 21 agricultural markets and more than a thousand chain stores.
"Autumn is the time for harvesting and trading, it was brought to Moscow by thousands of enterprises from more than 50 regions of our country. Here you can buy everything: vegetables, fruits, meat, fish products. And besides this, of course, at the festival sites, as usual , concerts, master classes are held. So it's not just trade - it's a holiday", - Sobyanin emphasized.
At the festival "Gold autumn " there will be more than 600 creative and over 250 culinary master classes, 80 concerts and more than 250 performances, as well as many sports competitions. Over a thousand events in total.

. . . . .

The festival was joined by regional and interregional fairs, where you can buy delicious and fresh seasonal products: mushrooms and berries, vegetables, fruits, dairy and meat products, honey and much more. In the South-West of Moscow, they are located at the following addresses:

. . . . .

In addition to the gastronomic program, guests of the festival can take part in various cultural events. For example, at the site near the metro station "Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard" “Forest shop”. In a cozy corner, the townspeople will be told about working with wood and wooden home decor items.

Also in Severny Butovo, the Science & Co educational space is open, where useful and exciting life hacks are waiting for children. Here they will learn how to create computer animation and games, as well as mount videos for their own blog.

“House of ceramics” located near the metro station “New Cheryomushki”. Here you can not only learn the history of ceramics, but also paint ceramic products with autumn landscapes with your own hands. Also, Muscovites will be offered to design a vase for flowers and create dishes in the form of autumn leaves using decorative glaze. . . . . .

Gennady MIKHEEV

Sergei Sobyanin opened a gastronomic festival "Gold autumn " visiting a new fairground in Novokosin on Gorodetskaya street.
The site was opened at the request of the residents of the area. . . . . .
According to the mayor, the creation of modern all-season centers for family vacation asked by the residents.
"Residents of Novokosino asked to make such a festival site. We made such a site. And I must say that in terms of the number of people who visit them, the turnover at festivals, this is the second site after Tverskaya Street. Today a new festival has opened here "Gold autumn ". Autumn is the season for harvesting and trading. Such a harvest was brought to Moscow by thousands of enterprises from more than 50 regions of our country"Sobyanin said.
Sobyanin added that the venues will have their own program of events. In particular, an inter-regional agricultural fair will operate on Gorodetskaya Street between festivals.
. . . . . I invite all Muscovites. Until October 7 festival “Very golden” will receive guests," the mayor added.
All new all-season grounds are equipped with railings and ramps. Each of them has a stage, a children's carousel, special chalets for master classes and animation, gastronomic and shopping sections.
The mayor added that the first results of the work of the three new sites show that they are really in demand. During the days of the festival “Flower Jam”, which was held from August 30 to September 9, the sites in Novokosin, Zyablikovo and Northern Butovo were visited by a total of more than 209 thousand people.
. . . . . This year, the festival will cover five venues in the city center and five in the districts, as well as fairgrounds - five inter-regional, 10 regional metropolitan fairs, 101 weekend fairs, 21 specialized agricultural markets and more than a thousand chain stores.
As part of the festival, the best seasonal farm products will be presented in a large assortment - fresh vegetables, fruits, berries, nuts, cheese, meat and fish. More than a thousand participants from 55 regions of Russia came to the festival, who plan to sell at least four thousand tons of domestic products.
Traditionally, the best cheese makers of Russia will take part in the trade program, bringing more than 100 varieties of cheese to the festival. The venues will host tastings and exhibitions dedicated to domestic cheese making.
The cultural program of the festival includes more than 600 creative and over 250 culinary master classes, 80 concerts, more than 250 theatrical programs and stage performances, dozens of sports activities.
Also within the framework "Golden Autumn" there will be a pumpkin festival. More than 100 tons of pumpkins will decorate the festival grounds. Designers will create unusual autumn compositions: 30 pumpkin art objects, 10 pumpkin compositions.

The RIAMO observer has chosen the best New Year and Christmas fairs this winter, which will be held in the capital from December 2017 to February 2018, for tourists, hipsters, designers, lovers of retro, European Christmas and Russian traditions.

GUM fair

Where: The Red Square

An ideal fair for tourists from November 29 to February 28 is open on Red Square. In scope, it is not inferior to the best fairs in Europe. Right next to the walls of the Kremlin there are 28 elegant wooden houses where you can taste pancakes with caviar, mead, sbiten, pies, baked potatoes, as well as mulled wine, Viennese waffles and roasted chestnuts. In addition, traditional Russian-style souvenirs can be purchased at the fair: Zhostovo trays, handmade felt boots, knitted mittens, nesting dolls, jewelry boxes, Orenburg and Pavlovo Posad shawls. Five children's carousels work at the fair at once, including a two-story carousel with carved horses.

Christmas Fair in the Central House of Artists

Where: Central House of Artists

The traditional Christmas Gift Fair, dedicated to the Catholic Christmas, is open from December 8 to December 24 at the Central House of Artists. The fair brought together artists, designers and handmade craftsmen. Here you can find exclusive interior and decor items, designer dolls, glassware, dishes, organic cosmetics, traditional New Year decorations and sweet gifts. In addition, more than 80 creative workshops, galleries, art salons, etc. will operate in the central hall of the Central House of Artists until December 24.

Happy Market Art Fair

Where: Cultural center ZIL

New Year's Fair of Designer Gifts

Where: VDNH, 47th pavilion

New Year's Fair ArtWeekend

Where: Artplay Design Center

New Year's Lambada Market

Where: Trekhgornaya manufactory, st. Rochdelskaya, 15, building 24

1 Buffoon:

Come on, honest people
Here comes the extravaganza
Come quickly
And do not spare money!

2 Buffoon:
Hey, people, move, fuss.
Come, don't crowd, have fun.
Ride the goods, get moving
Don't think it's a gift
fork out!

3 Buffoon:
The fair opens
The public is gathering
Please all here
Honorable gentlemen!

Mayor:

Oh, the people have gathered!

Some together, some apart

Who - on business, who - walking,

Someone sings songs

Buy, sell

Everyone is invited to tea at the table.

Buffoons, barkers -

They call the fair start!

Peddler (pie seller)
Here are the pies
Not expensive at all!
Piping hot,
For a thousand - a couple!
Bunny pies
And with all sorts of things
With eggs, with potatoes,
Take a little!

Peddler 1

Peddler2

Peddler 3

POSSIBLE REPLACEMENT OR ADDITIONAL Buffoons

Skomorokh1:

The fair is on!

People are having fun

Having fun and walking

Yes shopping notes

Buffoon 2:

We only have a fair

Not easy this time

Buffoon 3:

And the goods here are not simple

Don't walk past, stop!

Look around here

Intelligent home!

Buffoon 4:

For the mind we have goods -

We have gathered here for a reason!

Buffoon 5:

We'll be all day again

Brain each other to storm!

collect puzzles,

And prompt quietly

For those who are just for the first time

Train with us!

Buffoon 1:

Brain games are waiting for you

Very interesting!

We open doors for you

And the fun begins!

Episode 1

Young lady (to the Mayor):

Mayor! Do not rush,

You tell me this:

I want to buy a sable

I'm crying in gold!

Commoner (To the mayor):

Hello dear, oh handsome!

A blush shines on the cheeks

Staten how! And growth! And the hands!

And in the eyes - enthusiasm, not boredom!

You, my dear, you see, not greedy

And the man is very nice

I don't have enough gold...

Oh, and there are prices!

If you add me a coin,

I'll leave - no doubt!

Gymnasist (to the Mayor):

What are you, man, do not stand!

Help me young.

I need to get some tea.

I will not leave without a reward!

Young lady:

Well chick! Me first!

Commoner:

It's my turn now!

Gymnasium student:

I asked everyone before!

Mayor:

Can't listen to you anymore!

Well, be quiet! Everyone be silent!

I can tell everyone!

Here, young lady, I will tell you:

I will take you to the merchant.

There are sable and furs,

And the skin is not bad

(To a commoner)

For you this is the answer:

I don't have a red

You go to the merchant and ask

He, you look, and will treat.

(To the schoolgirl)

And you for our tea

I send it there

The merchant will give his answer to everyone

There is a product - the product will sell.

Our merchant is a noble merchant

He invites everyone for tea

Tea good, fragrant

Who drank - that honor!

Episode 2

Merchant:

When guests are in our house

Let's all sit down at the table

Tea, and honey, and milk -

So that you can breathe easily!

Come on in, don't be shy!

What's Covered - Eat!

We are glad to everyone - who is old, who is young

Who is bezus, and who mustachioed!

Cossack:

If you are not joking, then meet!

We, Merchant, come to you for tea.

What do you respect, what do you say?

What product will you show?

Merchant's wife:

Here come our dear guests!

Yes, how remote!

You, Cossack, do not stand in the aisle,

You're not the kind of timid, are you?

Cossack:

Is that him? Yes, where is it!

Maybe it used to be...

And now - a dashing Cossack!

Oh, I do not know peace!

Merchant's daughter

Oh, dashing to my liking ...

Everyone is busy, right!

Merchant:

Who else is visiting me?

Does sable carry bunches for me?

Buryat merchant:

I am to you, merchant, with goods -

I'm giving away almost nothing!

And my wife is with me

Would like to have your tea.

Buryat merchant's wife:

Say bina to you, Merchant

You, I see, well done!

I heard about your teas

But so far I haven't seen it.

Buryat merchant:

You see how the rumor goes.

Tea brings guests to you.

Merchant's Daughter:

And where is the man!

Straight handsome!

Buryat merchant:

It's true!

Merchant's Daughter:

There is only one problem:

busy again

Buryat merchant's wife:

It's true!

Merchant:

Well, I ask guests at the table.

I will serve you tea.

Cossack:

Tea is really what you need!

Every cup is a reward!

I love this hot one

Sweet, strong and invigorating!

Buryat merchant:

We love tea with milk!

Buryat merchant's wife:

In a bowler hat, so that with smoke!

Merchant's Daughter:

I like green tea!

To berries and herbs ...

Merchant's wife:

What can I say, we have tea -

A whole lot of gold!

Ceylon tea! Indian tea!

Chinese tea! Sri Lankan!

Merchant:

Green tea, flower tea!

Herbal! Far Eastern!

In general, there is where to roam.

Cossack:

Yes, and we are all here, to admit,

We love quiet evenings

Pamper yourself with tea.

Merchant's wife: Better tea is to my liking, the one that is in the morning!

Mayor: Tea vkusku, tea tired.

Cossack: With mother-in-law tea, so it was sweet!

Young lady: Tea with chamomile, with cognac! In a bowler hat, so that with smoke!

Commoner: Yes, with raspberries, with sugar!

Gymnasium student: Tea with lemon!

Young lady: Tea with honey, I don’t have tea for the soul, I’m responsible for my recipe!

Merchant's wife: I speak as a hostess - the main thing in tea is tea leaves! Spill! Drink! Don't be sorry for the teas!

Merchant:

In general, gentlemen!

CUT OUT

You are tired - no problem!

Are you cold? Bored!

Have you been overcome by sadness?

We know the answer to everything:

There is no better tea!

Have fun, relax

Don't forget about the merchant!

Fair which year

Amuse honest people!

Folklore Ensemble "Verkhneudinskaya Sloboda"

Ensemble "Rainbow"

Merchant:

Yes! This is a mountain feast!

The holiday is golden!

Skomorokh1:

The honest people rejoiced!

Skomorokh2:

Oh, almost started to dance!

Skomorokh3:

But don't relax!

Skomorokh4:

The holiday must go on!

Skomorokh5:

Here we have all seen

And have tried it!

Merchant:

And now I ask for me

We don't pass by!

We'll go where we are again

Someone will surprise!

For to go there

It won't work for us!

Guests enter the hall

From April 20, that is, this Friday, weekend fairs in Moscow are reopening throughout the capital. There will be 96 of them for 2676 trade places. By tradition, most of the bazaars are in the North-Eastern and Southern districts (13 addresses each). Less - in Zelenograd (3 addresses) and New Moscow (4 addresses). Opening hours will remain the same - from Friday to Sunday, from 8.00 to 19.00 every day.

As before, merchants do not have to pay for seats. Therefore, the mayor's office promises that sellers will not raise prices for goods. This year there will be several innovations at the fairs. For the first time, farmers will be given 20 percent of the space usually allocated for the sale of vegetables and fruits. Another feature - a special trading place at each fair will be given to pensioners and the disabled. They will be allowed to sell what they have grown from their country garden.

As usual, Muscovites will be able to buy vegetables, fruits, meat and other products of domestic farmers. The fairs will also sell goods from Armenia , Belarus , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan .

By the way, in some districts of the capital all year round there are also inter-regional fairs. Here, manufacturers from different regions and regions gather at one site. So far, there are five such points, but the Department of Trade and Services of Moscow plans to open several new ones this year.

WHERE TO COMPLAINT

Comments on the work of weekend fairs are accepted. In the "Weekend Fairs" section, you can leave a complaint on three topics - "Illegal placement", "Violation of the requirements for organizing and holding" and "Sale of prohibited goods". You can attach a photo of the violation to the message. Each complaint must be answered within eight business days.

FLY, HURRY!

Where to go for fresh fruits and vegetables

CENTRAL DISTRICT

Arbat

2nd Nikoloshchepovsky per.

Basmanny

Starokirochny Lane, ow. 1/47

Krasnoselsky

Pankratievsky per., ow. 5, pp. 7-9

Meshchansky

st. Shchepkina, ow. 47, pp. 1-2

Presnensky

area around st. m. "Street 1905"

st. Krasnaya Presnya, ow. one

Sitinsky per.

Tagansky

st. School, ow. 36-48

5th Kotelnichesky Lane, ow. 2/6

Khamovniki

Komsomolsky Ave, ow. 22

NORTHERN DISTRICT

The airport

st. Krasnoarmeyskaya, ow. 36-38

Koptevo

st. 3. and A. Kosmodemyansky, ow. 23

Timiryazevsky

Dmitrovskoe sh., Opposite vl. 13

NORTH EASTERN DISTRICT

Altufevsky

st. Engineering, ow. 1-3

Alekseevsky

st. P. Korchagina, ow. 2

Bibirevo

Altufevskoe sh., vl. 70

Butyrsky

st. Milashenkova, ow. fourteen

Marfino

st. Botanical, ow. 29, bld. one

Marina Grove

st. Oktyabrskaya, ow. 42

Ostankinsky

st. Zander, ow. 5

Otradnoe

Altufevskoe sh., vl. 30g

Rostokino

st. Agricultural, ow. ten

Sviblovo

st. Snezhnaya, ow. eighteen

Northern Medvedkovo

st. Wide, ow. 12 A

Southern Medvedkovo

st. Polyarnaya, ow. ten

Yaroslavsky

Yaroslavskoe sh., vl. 114

EAST DISTRICT

East Izmailovo

Izmailovsky pr-t, ow. 91

Lilac Boulevard, ow. 60

Golyanovo

st. Ussuriyskaya, ow. 7

st. Khabarovsk, ow. 12/23

Ivanovskoe

st. Molostov, ow. 13, bldg. one

st. Chelyabinsk, ow. fifteen

Izmailovo

Izmailovskaya sq., vl. one

Novokosino

st. Novokosinskaya, ow. fourteen

Perovo

Zeleny Ave, ow. 2

st. Perovskaya, ow. 32

Sokolniki

st. 2nd Sokolnicheskaya, ow. 3

SOUTH EASTERN DISTRICT

Vykhino-Zhulebino

st. Aircraft designer Mil, ow. 7

st. Khlobystova, ow. 20-22

Kuzminki

st. Young Lenintsev, ow. 52

Maryino

st. Pererva, ow. 51

printers

st. Shosseynaya, ow. four

Ryazan

st. Academician Scriabin, ow. four

st. Zaraiskaya, ow. 35

textile workers

st. Young Lenintsev, ow. ten

Yuzhnoportovy

3rd Krutitsky per., ow. 13

SOUTHERN DISTRICT

Biryulyovo East

st. Mikhnevskaya, ow. 9/1

Biryulyovo West

st. Bulatnikovskaya, ow. 9

Brateevo

st. Brateevskaya, ow. 16, bldg. one

Donskoy

1st Donskoy pr-d (address to be confirmed)

Zyablikovo

st. Shipilovskaya, ow. 48-50

Moskvorechye-Saburovo

st. Kantemirovskaya, ow. fourteen

Upland

Electrolitny pr-d, vl. 16a

Nagatinsky backwater

st. New items, ow. 31

Orekhovo-Borisovo South

st. Domodedovskaya, ow. fifteen

Tsaritsyno

Proletarsky Ave, ow. 24

Chertanovo North

Microdistrict Chertanovo Severnoe, vl. 806

Chertanovo Central

st. Red Lighthouse, ow. 3

Chertanovo South

Varshavskoe sh., vl. 135

SOUTHWESTERN DISTRICT

Academic

st. Shvernik, ow. 19

Zyuzino

Konkovo

st. Trade union, ow. 102

Lomonosovsky

st. Garibaldi, ow. four

Obruchevsky

st. Academician Chelomey, ow. 8, bldg. one

st. Obruchev, ow. eleven

Northern Butovo

b-r Dm. Donskoy, ow. 17

Teply Stan

st. Teply Stan, ow. ten

South Butovo

Vokzalnaya sq.

st. Marshal Savitsky, opposite ow. 12

st. Yuzhnobutovskaya, ow. 50, bldg. four

Yasenevo

st. Tarusskaya, ow. fourteen

WESTERN DISTRICT

Vnukovo

st. Aeroflotskaya, ow. 8A

Kuntsevo

st. Yartsevskaya, ow. 21, near the cinema "Brest"

Krylatskoe

Autumn Boulevard, ow. 3B

Novo-Peredelkino

st. Novoperedelkinskaya, ow. 14A

Ochakovo-Matveevskoe

st. N. Kovshova, ow. 6-8

Vernadsky avenue

Vernadsky Avenue, ow. 39

Ramenki

st. Mosfilmovskaya, ow. 16, 18, 20

st. Ramenki, ow. 3

Fili-Davydkovo

st. Vatutina, ow. 18, bldg. 2

st. Oleko Dundicha, opposite ow. 29

NORTHWESTERN DISTRICT

Mitino

st. Dubravnaya, ow. 35

Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo

pr-d Stratonavtov, ow. 9, bldg. 2

Northern Tushino

st. Tourist, ow. 16, bldg. 2

Strogino

st. Marshal Katukov, ow. eighteen

Khoroshevo-Mnevniki

st. Marshal Tukhachevsky, ow. 32-34

st. Salama Adilya, ow. four

Shchukino

st. Aviation, ow. 68

Southern Tushino

st. Tourist, ow. 6

ZELENOGRAD

Kryukovo

Station square.

The site near Mikhailovsky Ponds, next to vl. 1550

Silino

TROITSKY AND NOVOMOSKOVSKY DISTRICT

Moscow

Moscow, ow. 39

Ryazanovskoye

Znamya Oktyabrya village

Troitsk

Oktyabrsky avenue, 20

Sosenskoye

Kommunarka village, st. Alexandra Monakhova, ow. 14A.

Historians call fairs the most ancient form of communication between sellers and buyers. Folklore confirms this: “Where there are two, there is a market, three is a market, and seven is a fair,” people said from ancient times. And the most authoritative connoisseur of the Russian language, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, gave the following definition: "a fair is a large trade congress and the importation of goods at an urgent time in the year, an annual auction lasting for weeks."

Of course, fairs have been known for a long time, only they were called differently - auctions, auctions. On one of these auctions, on the Mologa River, near the town of Kholop'em, the German diplomat Sigmund von Herberstein, who traveled around Russia at the beginning of the 16th century, visited. Then, in his Notes on Moscow Affairs, he called this auction the familiar word “jahr-markt” - an annual market, a fair.

In the Middle Ages, when disputes between states and individual communities were resolved by military means, fairs performed not only economic, but also peacekeeping functions. By decision of the parties, a fair peace was established for the period of trade, the violation of which brought shame on the head of the guilty. A fair court was also created, which severely punished violators of established traditions. The holding of fairs was usually timed to coincide with church holidays, which not only served as a guarantee of security for merchants, but also gave solemnity to the event and ensured the mass participation of the population in trade. Fairs were usually patronized by high officials, and sellers of goods were under their tutelage.

In the dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron we read: “Due to historical circumstances, two fairs in Russia took on the largest sizes - Makaryevskaya, later renamed Nizhny Novgorod, and Irbitskaya”. Kreshchenskaya (in Kyiv), Permskaya, Orenburgskaya, Pokrovskaya (in Kharkiv), Makaryevskaya (in Kostroma), Verkhneudinskaya, Minusinskaya, Kozmodemyanskaya, Barnaulskaya, Ishimskaya and others were also widely known.

It is interesting that all these fairs, in addition to their main function (places of trade), played an important role in the exchange of information, knowledge and experience of people who came from different regions of the country. Very often, exhibitions, especially large ones, were fairs at the same time, and vice versa. That is why they managed to leave such a bright mark in the history of the country.

Leading St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg was destined to become the center of all agricultural exhibitions and fairs of great Russia. Even its remoteness from the grain-growing south or the non-Chernozem region, which is generous in harvest, did not become an obstacle to organizing large bargaining and holding exhibitions here, which demonstrated the achievements of domestic livestock breeders, gardeners, gardeners, winemakers and other food producers. Historians note that the St. Petersburg exhibitions-fairs played a big role in the dissemination of best practices, scientific knowledge, and the establishment of trade between regions. They also contributed to the growth of the country's economic power, the rise of agricultural production, and the education of the population. The sovereign-emperor himself "blessed" the fair with his decrees. The honorary trustee of many of them was Chairman of the Council of Ministers P. A. Stolypin. High spiritual ranks consecrated their discovery. And the persons of the royal family considered it an honor to be present at the fair. There was a big bargaining, and with it - a big holiday. After all, Russians have the very word “fair” – festive, colored with carnival colors, farce performances, fun entertainment for children and adults, “sweetened” with mead, pancakes and gingerbread. Merchants from all over the country and merchants from other countries came to the St. Petersburg fairs.

The last agricultural fair in the northern capital of Russia was held in 1913. And although attempts to revive them were made during the NEP (for example, in 1926 more than 7 thousand fairs were held in the RSFSR), the age-old tradition was interrupted.

In the last decades of the Soviet period, only inter-district and inter-republican fairs were held. But, apart from the name, they had little in common with traditional Russian ones, since they were, in essence, a place for concluding transactions between state-owned enterprises producing goods and state-owned trade organizations. Traditional Russian fairs - with an indispensable display of the best achievements, a large marketplace, folk fun, seemed to have sunk into oblivion. With them, people not only lost their usual ways of satisfying their economic needs. At the same time, the environment of initiation to folk customs, holidays with games, fun, and songs disappeared. As a result, irreparable damage was done to national traditions.

Hello fair!

The World Fair "Russian Farmer" was destined to revive the former glory of St. Petersburg as a center of agricultural exhibitions and fairs, the idea of ​​which was born in the crisis of the nineties. The origins of its birth were journalists Leonid Komarovsky, Vitaly Molotov, Tamara and Vladimir Maksimov and the president of the Association of Peasant Farms and Agricultural Cooperatives (AKKOR) Vladimir Bashmachnikov, who managed to infect the country's leadership with their idea. On June 14, 1991, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 331 “On additional measures for the development of peasant (farmer) households and agricultural cooperatives in the RSFSR” was issued. In particular, it spoke about the need to hold in October 1991-April 1992 the international fair "Russian Farmer". The organizers were to be the Ministry of Agriculture and AKKOR.

To implement a new project, it was decided to create a company. This is how the Russian Farmer World Fair CJSC appeared, with Vladimir Komarovsky as chairman of the board of directors and Mikhail Zlydnikov as president. The venue for the fair was the Lenexpo Exhibition Center, which had extensive experience in organizing exhibitions and had the necessary space, technical and organizational capabilities for this. General Director of "Lenexpo" Sergey Alekseev was approved by the deputy chairman of the organizing committee of the fair.

Despite the difficulties and doubts of skeptics, the lack of experience in holding such large-scale events on August 30 at the Lenexpo exhibition center for the first time in history new Russia The World Fair "Russian Farmer" began its work. Specialists and journalists, participants and guests, all who managed to visit the Neva banks at that time, positively and generally benevolently assessed the first agricultural fair. But its organizers clearly understood that this was only the beginning, the first experience, and in order for the fair to become the way it was intended, there was still a lot to be done.

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The most important fairs in Russia

(Second half of the 17th - mid-19th century)

Fair- a form of organization of large seasonal trade, characteristic of the pre-industrial era with a relatively narrow internal market, the isolation of individual regions and underdeveloped communication routes. By 1840 there were about 4 thousand fairs, but only a few of them had the status of all-Russian.

64 fairs had a trade turnover of over 1 million silver rubles.

The pre-industrial forms of trade in Russia also included -

Shop trade in cities, was especially developed in Moscow, where there were many different shopping arcades that remained in the names of Moscow streets.

peddling, led by its small retailers - ofeny and peddlers.

They bought fabrics, haberdashery, small household goods in small wholesale at fairs, went to small remote towns and villages, selling their goods not only for money, but also exchanging them for the products of peasant handicrafts.

A new industrial type of trade became a store, permanent trade, steel

chain stores and large guest houses have been operating since the mid-19th century.

Table 11

Wars and related agreements and peace treaties

16th to early 20th century

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Most of the goods exported to Asian markets also passed through the Nizhny Novgorod Fair. Asians showed particular interest in Russian cotton fabrics, which in the 30s of the 19th century were the main subject of Russian exports to the countries of the Middle East.

The most active role in this was played by the Bukhara merchants, who occupied the first place among the Central Asian merchants who traded with Russia.

The first and especially the second quarter of the 19th century are characterized by a rapid growth in the number of large enterprises in Russia. As a result, the increase in output in almost all branches of both heavy and light industry was also reflected in fair trade, especially in the trade of the Nizhny Novgorod fair, which was considered a barometer of the country's economic life.

It becomes one of the major centers of wholesale trade.

Among other fairs at which major trade deals with foreign merchants took place, the Irbit fair in the Perm province, established in 1643, was also famous. In terms of its economic importance and the size of its turnover, it rightfully ranked second in Russia. The main significance of this fair was that it served as the main center of trade in the Urals and Siberia.

Here, merchants stocked up on fabrics, haberdashery and groceries for the whole year.

In turn, they delivered Siberian goods to the fair - furs, leather, fish, bristles, honey, wax, cow butter, hemp and linseed. Goods from China and Central Asia also sold here, and sugar, coffee, cloth, grape wines came here through Arkhangelsk and Moscow. Here, merchants sold for resale to the hunting population of personal consumption items and fishing accessories - weapons, gunpowder, hunting and fishing gear, etc.

In the 18th and especially in the 19th century, the Irbit fair acquired great importance as a major center for the fur trade.

From here the fur of ermine, sable, beaver, silver fox, arctic fox and squirrel came in significant quantities to North America, European and Asian countries. The turnover of the Irbit Fair in the 30s of the 19th century amounted to 10 million rubles, and by the end of the second half of the 19th century it reached 85-90 million rubles. With the overall growth of turnover in Irbit, there was an increase in purchases of furs for export abroad.

Among other major fairs that operated on the territory of Siberia in the 19th and early 20th centuries, one should mention the Krestovsko-Ivanovskaya ( Perm province), Menovnicheskaya (near Orenburg), Menzelinsky (Ufa province) and Kyakhta (Buryatia).

In particular, the Exchange Fair specialized in the trade of cattle, horses, camels, as well as salable Asian goods.

Menzelinsky was considered the largest horse fair in Russia. There were other specialized fairs .. forest (on the Volga, Lena, and other rivers), raw materials, livestock fairs (in Kharkov and Voronezh provinces, the region of the Don army).

A major fair in the north of Russia was the Margaritinsky fair in Arkhangelsk, where they traded mainly in fish, textiles, handicrafts and household items. The Kursk fair gained popularity, where merchants brought Ukrainian glass, lard and tar, sheepskin and lambskin, brought cattle and horses from the Urals and Moscow region factories.

It should be noted that according to the law of 1862, all Russian fairs were divided into five classes regarding the payment of a special trade tax.

Moreover, the last class was exempted from this fee. And according to the law on the trade tax of 1898, petty bargaining and clerk's fishing at all fairs lasting less than 14 days were excluded from it. For other trade, taxes of the previous sizes were left.

During their operation, fairs became centers not only of trade, but also of social and cultural life.

Parade festivities, theatrical and other spectacular performances, including bear fun, were organized on their territory. There was a special fair legislation, as well as traditions and ritual of their opening and closing.

Special committees were created to manage trade, establish rules and order at major fairs. Higher supervision, for example, of the Nizhny Novgorod fair, was entrusted to the governor, who received emergency rights for the duration of its work. To maintain public order at fairs, large detachments of police and units of Cossack troops were sent there.

The history of fairs in Russia ended with the revolution. With the outbreak of World War I (1914-18), the number of fairs decreased and their turnover decreased.

During the years of the Civil War of 1918-20, under the conditions of "war communism", no fairs were held in Soviet Russia. With the transition to the new economic policy, fairs begin to revive. By 1927 there were about 7,500 fairs in the RSFSR, 15,200 in the Ukrainian SSR, and 417 in the BSSR. They were divided into all-Union, republican, regional, and local ones. The All-Union fairs included the Nizhny Novgorod and Baku fairs.

The main turnover of the Nizhny Novgorod fair was sales by samples and contract transactions. The Baku fair played a big role in trade with the countries of the East. Cash sales at these fairs did not exceed 1/3 of the turnover.

In the early 1930s, fairs in the USSR were abolished, as the first edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia says, “as the planned start in trade strengthened and with the development of the trade apparatus of the socialized sector, all-Union and republican fairs lost their significance as centers for the sale and purchase of goods ".

And only in the post-war period they were restored as one of the forms of state and cooperative trade.

Since 1958, inter-district and inter-republic fairs have been periodically held with wholesale sales and the conclusion of trade deals based on samples. The USSR participates extensively in the work of international fairs. But, apart from the name, they had little in common with traditional Russian ones, since they were, in essence, a place for concluding transactions between state-owned enterprises producing goods and state-owned trade organizations.

Traditional Russian fairs - auctions and markets with indispensable folk fun, seemed to have sunk into oblivion.

Five famous Russian fairs

With them, people not only lost their usual ways of satisfying their economic needs.

At the same time, the environment for familiarization with folk customs, holidays with games, fun, and songs disappeared for them. As a result, irreparable damage was done to national traditions.

Thus, the fairs, on the one hand, were a clearly organized and structured event in accordance with the law, designed to ensure the conditions for the exchange of goods.

However, the other side of the fair was its spontaneity: the fair lived its own life, in accordance with the traditional ideas of the population, and contained a mechanism for satisfying all its basic needs.

The fair was a model, a "microworld" of Russian reality, which included economic, social, cultural and religious elements, and became a universal means for the integral and multilateral development of not only individual regions, but the entire country.

The results of the study show that the fairs of Russia bore the stamp of all the political and socio-economic changes that took place in the country.

However, fairs not only reflected historical reality, but also shaped it. Having originated as a result of historical necessity, fairs have become a progressive phenomenon that performed the function of uniting individual regions and the whole country into a single economic, information and cultural space.

Conclusion

Thus, summing up, we note that the liberation of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke and the beginning of the process of creating a unified Russian state had a beneficial effect on the economic development of the country.

Significant changes are taking place in agriculture and trade, there is an intensive development of crafts and handicrafts, the formation of market commodity-money relations, and the revival of foreign trade relations.

The separation of crafts from trade leads to the emergence of shopping arcades, markets, markets and fairs in large cities: Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov, Ryazan.

Foreigners were amazed at the size of Moscow auctions. The English traveler Chancellor was struck by the size of the Moscow fair and noted in his notes: “A long convoy carries up to 700-800 sleighs with bread to Moscow every day. Cattle and salted fish are brought from Kolmogor to Novgorod and Vologda. Leather, lard, bread and wax are brought from Vologda to Yaroslavl.

In old Russia, many fairs were held annually. They differed in profile (forest, hop, horse, steppe, so-called cattle), in duration (from 1 to 30 days or more), and in value.

During the XVI-XVIII centuries.

The development of Russia's trade was characterized by a gradual expansion of the domestic market. The catalysts for this process were fairs, the number and trade turnover of which was steadily increasing. I must say that the St. Petersburg "Commercial and Industrial Newspaper" (1893-1918) - regularly published forecasts of its experts on the largest branches of fair trade, followed its progress, summed up the season, revealed "abnormalities", reported on new trends.

The focus of this government publication has always been on the three largest fairs: Irbit (January 25 - March 1), Kyiv contract (February 1 - March 1) and, of course, Nizhny Novgorod (July 15 - August 25).

It is important to take into account that fairs, in addition to their main function (places of trade), played an important role in the exchange of information, knowledge and experience of people who came from different regions of the country - and this function dominated just at the largest fairs.

Very often, exhibitions, especially large ones, were fairs at the same time, and vice versa. Therefore, the richest fairs left such a mark in the history of the country.

List of used literature

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The history of the emergence and development trends of fairs in Russia. Peculiarities of fair trade in cities. Difficulties and costs associated with the transportation of goods to the place of trade. The emergence of new forms of organization of commodity and money circulation.

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Russian fairs: the history of festivities.

Fairs are part of Russian culture. The times when fairs appeared in Russia have long since sunk into oblivion. But they have remained a symbol of jokes and fun. A further article will tell about Russian fairs, the history of their occurrence and ways of celebrating.

Fair history. A fair is a market located in a certain place. Merchants from the surrounding lands gathered there to show and sell their goods, and at the same time to look at other people's goods.

It was here that all large and profitable deals were concluded, since merchants came not only from other cities, but also foreign merchants.

During the fairs there was a sale of ice cream, sweets, various drinks, fruits. They were sold in specially equipped tents and peddling. At large festivities, a tent was often set up in which “green wine” (modern absinthe) was sold.

The goods at the fairs were very diverse. Everyone sold everything they could: from donuts and bagels to livestock and poultry.

There was a great expanse for artisans: coopers, blacksmiths, haberdashers, potters. Here they could sell a large number of their products.

Russian fairs: how it all began. From the ancient marketplace to the present day

Various craftsmen also offered their services: shoemakers, tailors, barbers. In addition, jesters and buffoons walked around the market, who lured people to the fair with the help of Russian folk barkers.

Festivities. In addition to trading, entertainment events were also present at the fair: music played, artists performed, circuses worked, Russian folk songs about the fair sounded. Usually fairs were equated with holidays. Most often, church holidays were celebrated this way, as well as Shrovetide. All public holidays included this tradition. At the fairs, all the people had fun as much as they could - people watched performances, rode on carousels, participated in competitions.

The traditions of fair festivities took place in the squares, village streets, outside the city or village. In all youth entertainments and village celebrations, young girls and boys who had reached marriageable age necessarily took part.

Evasion of participation in the holiday caused ridicule and public censure.

Outdoor games, round dances and dances were an integral part of the festivities. Maslenitsa and Trinity bonfires, swings and ice slides were the center of the festivities.

Booths, or mobile theaters, were very popular at such holidays. They called people to look for outlandish animals and unusual people. Various plays were often played in them. Another attraction was puppet theaters, in which the cheerful parsley always played the main role.

The first fairs in Russia helped people escape from work and family problems, allowed them to have fun, relax and, at the same time, earn income from their craft. They brought variety and fun to the life of a Russian person.

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At churchyards and torzhkas, trade was, as a rule, of a local, local character. And only later, with the development of broader market relations, with the involvement of agricultural products and products of urban artisans in the trade turnover, the zone of action of local markets, the radius of their influence, expands. Their significance as trading centers begins to extend far beyond the boundaries of the area.

Having had a great influence on the further development of Russian trade, torzhki prepared the transition to more complex forms - the stationary market and the periodic bazaar.

The necessary prerequisites were created for the emergence of fair trade, which was distinguished from previous forms not only by the large size of trade turnover, but also by its two tendencies - centrifugal and centripetal.

The fair accumulated a huge mass of various goods brought from different parts of the country. And being, on the one hand, the center of gravity of these goods, it, on the other hand, dispersed them in various directions to local markets within the country and abroad.

These two trends determined the active role of the fair and its importance in the development of Russian trade for several centuries.

The first Russian fairs as an organizational form of periodic wholesale and retail trade arose in the XIV-XV centuries, in the initial period of the elimination of feudal fragmentation and the formation of a single national Russian state.

With the development of trade relations and the formation of the Russian centralized state, the number of fairs and their turnover increased. The fairs were the centers of the formation of the all-Russian market.

Their duration varied (from 1 day to several months). The main items of trade are agricultural products, livestock, horses, handicrafts and industrial products, furs, skins, etc.

By the beginning of the 17th century, the process of territorial and political centralization in Russia ended with the merging of regions, lands and principalities into one whole.

This merger was caused by the growing exchange between the regions, the gradually growing circulation of goods, the concentration of small local markets into one all-Russian market. Merchants were the leaders and masters of this process.

Merchants - originally any people who bought or sold goods, intermediaries between the manufacturer and the buyer - gradually become "merchants". This word no longer means individual, sometimes random people, but the middle class in Russian medieval society, which begins to play the role of a commercial and industrial mover.

The merchant class, as a professionally isolated social class, owes its origin entirely to the development of trade.

Having concentrated large-scale domestic and partly foreign trade in their hands, Russian merchants were active participants in the fair trade. They made large trade deals at large fairs, bought up goods, the sale of which to the foreign market did not constitute a tsarist monopoly and therefore was not prohibited by the government.

Fairs were especially widespread in our country in the 17th and 18th centuries.

By this time, the emergence of manufactory production in Russia, which had a significant impact on the expansion of domestic, including fair trade, dates back. Peter I, attaching great importance to it, contributed in every possible way to the development of fairs. He, for example, believed that this form not only promotes the development of domestic trade, but is also one of the ways to develop trade relations with foreign countries.

In the regulation to the Chief Magistrate in 1721, it was said that the magistrate was obliged “to try to multiply fairs and auctions in cities and counties, in decent places, and more in those to which there is a free waterway, because through these fairs and auctions multiply treasury dues, trade and crafts are developing, and this happens through that contentment among the people.

In 1755, with the establishment of a special percentage fee from guild capital, the merchants of the first two guilds received the right to trade duty-free at all fairs in the country, which the merchants of the third guild did not have.

The growth of manufactory production in the first half of the 19th century had a great influence on the development of not only domestic, but also foreign trade in Russia. It was during this period that, in addition to Moscow and St. Petersburg, such large subjects of domestic and foreign trade as, for example, Riga, Odessa, Nikolaev, Novorossiysk, Nizhny Novgorod and some others, acquire especially great importance.

During the same period, there is a rapid increase in the number of fairs in Russia and a significant increase in trade fair turnover.

Fairs are becoming the largest wholesale centers. By the end of the first half of the 19th century, there were over 5.5 thousand of them in Russia, and they operated in almost all regions of the country.

The vast majority of them (about 5.2 thousand) accounted for counties and rural areas. The turnover of large fairs amounted to tens of millions of rubles, and the share of fair trade in the country's domestic trade increased every year.

They also played an important role in foreign trade.

Already the first Russian fairs of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries attracted many foreign merchants who brought here Eastern and Western European goods in exchange for Russian ones. So, for example, in the XIV and XV centuries, Germans, Poles, Lithuanians, Greeks, Italians and Persians came to a large Russian fair in Kholopy town, at the confluence of the Mologa with the Volga. Foreign merchants exchanged sewn clothes, fabrics, leathers, axes and utensils for products of Russian artisans, as well as for raw materials, honey, etc.

In the second half of the 18th and in the first half of the 19th century, the role of fairs in foreign trade especially increased.

They contributed to the promotion of Russian goods to foreign markets, and imported goods to the domestic markets of Russia.

We are grateful to the good Russian statistics, which preserved information about the state of the fair business in the country by the end of the last century.

In 1865 there were 6,500 operating in Russia.

Ya., 35 of them with a turnover of over 1 million rubles. There were 2 groups of the largest fairs - Ural (Irbit, Menzelinsk, etc.) and Ukrainian (Kharkov, Poltava, Rovno, etc.). In 1894, more than 18 thousand fairs were held in Russia with a turnover of 1,100 million rubles. Among them, one-day fairs accounted for more than 64%, lasting 2-7 days - 32.6%, the rest lasted more than a week. Fairs were very different in scope. At the same time, it was precisely small retail stores (importing goods up to 10 thousand rubles) that accounted for the bulk (70%) of the entire fair trade turnover.

Medium, wholesale and retail, gave another 25%. The few large wholesale fairs that attracted special attention were of little importance in this sense.

With the beginning of extensive railway construction in the 2nd half of the 19th century, the importance of the fair in Russia's internal trade began to decline, their trade turnover decreased.

The root fair in Kursk with a turnover of over 22 million rubles. in 1834, in 1911 it had a turnover of only 800 thousand rubles. But in general, the number of fairs in Russia grew. In 1911 there were 16,000

fairs with a total turnover of 1 billion rubles. About 87% of them were small fairs held in the villages during church holidays. Large fairs with a turnover of over 1 million rubles. it was 23.

The first place in terms of turnover was occupied by the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, the 2nd was the Irbit Fair, the 3rd was the Menovnicheskaya Fair near Orenburg. Great importance especially in the 19th century. had Ukrainian fairs, among which Kharkiv ones stood out - Epiphany, Trinity, Assumption and Pokrovskaya, which lasted 3-4 weeks.

In 1834 their total turnover reached more than 22 million rubles, in 1913 - about 36 million rubles. In the North, the largest fair was Margaritinskaya in Arkhangelsk with a turnover of about 2 million rubles.

rub. in 1911.

There were also special horse, cattle, forest fairs. The Kyiv Contract Fair, which arose at the beginning of the 19th century, had a special character. It concluded transactions (contracts) for the wholesale purchase and sale of sugar, bread, metals, coal, etc. There was a special fair legislation, fair committees were created to manage trade at major fairs.

By the beginning of the XIX century. Russia has developed an extensive network of fairs.

The fairs contributed to the development of the country as a single economic organism. The most important in this respect was the Nizhny Novgorod fair, which already in the 20s of the XIX century was the largest in the world in terms of its turnover.

Development of fairs in Russia

It was established by the Highest command on February 15, 1817. At that time, merchants from many countries of the East and West came to Nizhny Novgorod with their goods, so the local fair was called the “exchange yard of Europe and Asia”, to which “up to fifty tribes” flocked to sell their goods. At the same time, the Nizhny Novgorod fair was also called the "All-Russian marketplace", where merchants arrived from all over Russia, Siberia, Central Asia, Persia, and the Caucasus.

European merchants supplied cloth, paper and silk fabrics, linen and hemp products, paints, textile goods, coffee, redwood and sandalwood, various drinks, corals, watches, silver and haberdashery, cosmetics, steel products, various tools, fashionable clothes.

They also purchased a wide range of goods here. Bread and agricultural technical raw materials were in special demand - flax, hemp, hemp, leather, and bristles. Thus, the Nizhny Novgorod Fair in the first half of the 19th century was the main supplier of agricultural raw materials for Western European and domestic textile factories.

Europeans were also attracted by goods delivered to the fair from the East.

Merchants from Asian countries brought mainly colonial goods and products of oriental craftsmen. Tea was supplied from China, cotton yarn, carpets and various fabrics were supplied from Bukhara. Large quantities of silk, pearls, dried fruits were brought from Persia. Turkish merchants sold shawls, precious stones, and tobacco at the fair.

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