Lattice of the Mikhailovsky Garden (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.

• Tours for the New Year in Russia
• Hot tours in Russia

Previous photo Next photo

Walking along the Griboyedov Canal in the Savior-on-Blood area, one cannot help but notice the magnificent Art Nouveau lattice that separates the Mikhailovsky Garden from the embankment. It is truly unique, but the most interesting thing is that the creator remained unknown. Many attribute its thought to the architect Alfred Parland, who created the Savior on Spilled Blood, especially since the events coincide in time - this is the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. It was at this place that in 1881 an attempt was made on the life of Tsar Alexander II, in honor of which the cathedral was erected, and a memorial plaque was installed on the fence of the Mikhailovsky Garden.

What to watch

The lattice stands on a parapet lined with red granite slabs. It consists of 36 columns lined with colored bricks in the form of a spiral. Top and bottom are finished with white stone, which gives them a sophisticated look. Several pillars and gates are decorated with tiles depicting outlandish flowers and birds. Most of the majolica has been lost and has not yet been recreated.

Forged parts of the grille are made at the Karl Wikler plant. The company's products adorn many famous places in St. Petersburg, for example, the famous Singer House (now the Book House).

The basis of the fence is wrought-iron lattices with intricate floral ornaments - blooming flowers, branches - they can truly be called cast-iron lace, created by a master of the highest level. Interesting lanterns are installed above the gate - this is an exact copy of those that were here 100 years ago, but adjusted for modern realities - they are "put on" an anti-vandal mesh. However, it looks quite organic. When restoration began at the beginning of the new millennium, documents were found in the Russian Museum, which show that the royal monogram of Alexander II hung on the gate. The new gates and grating are exactly the same pattern as the old ones.

Practical Information

Address: St. Petersburg, nab. Griboyedov Canal. Coordinates: 59.939924, 30.329740.

How to get there: from Nevsky Prospekt, turn onto the embankment of the Griboyedov Canal towards the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood.

The Mikhailovsky Garden is one of the rarest monuments of landscape architecture of the 18th - the first third of the 19th centuries, which is a unique combination of two different styles of landscape art on the same territory - regular or "French" and landscape or "English". This is also a vivid example of the architectural unity of the building (Mikhailovsky Palace) and the natural landscape (Mikhailovsky Garden), created according to the plan of the great architect Karl Rossi.

The Mikhailovsky Garden is part of the complex of spatial composition of the central part of St. Petersburg, which includes the Summer Garden and the Field of Mars. Over the long period of its existence, the garden has repeatedly changed its layout in accordance with fashion trends and the tastes of new owners.

Initially, rural settlements, as well as the estate and hunting grounds of the Swedish captain Konau, were located on the territories of the current Summer and Mikhailovsky gardens, the garden around the Engineer's Castle and the Engineering Square - this is evidenced by the plan of 1698. In 1716-1717. architect J.-B. Leblon, commissioned by Peter I, completed the Master Plan of the three Summer Gardens. The first and second gardens were located on the territory of the current Summer Garden. The third was the garden where the palace of Catherine I was located. The territory on which the Mikhailovsky Garden is now located was part of the third Summer Garden and was called the “Swedish Garden”.

Leblon's plan was, in essence, a project to create a single grandiose palace and park ensemble. Leblon included in it all the plans that were personally approved by Peter the Great. The north-eastern part of the territory, where the palace of Catherine I was located, was the front. The image of the palace in plan almost completely repeats the plan of the central part of the upper chambers of Peter I in Peterhof. Pyramid-trimmed firs grew near the palace. An alley of chestnut trees led to a large parterre with a trellis gazebo, a figured pool with a fountain and sculpture. The southwestern half of the garden originally had the layout of a regular orchard - a garden of the Russian Imperial Court with a plantation of fruit trees, fragrant herbs, roots, where there were greenhouses, greenhouses, greenhouses and cellars in which various exotic plants and fruits were grown. During the reign of Anna Ioannovna, on the territory of the "Swedish" garden there were plots with "spare" maple trees, that is, with a nursery. A "jagdgarten" was also arranged there - a small hunting area, where hares and deer were kept in specially fenced places for court hunting.

In 1741, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna suggested that Rastrelli complete the project of a new Summer Palace on the site of the palace of Catherine I and the garden attached to it. In April 1743, Rastrelli presented a project for a labyrinth garden, decorated with sculpture and fountains. Behind the palace, another ceremonial section was planned with two figured ponds, a fountain and a patterned lace flower garden. The Swedish Garden has been slightly modified. The territory was divided into geometric sections by the intersection of longitudinal and transverse alleys, in the center five rectangular ponds were dug. Thus, we can say that the Third Summer and "Swedish" gardens have become another example of Russian landscape gardening art of the 18th century.

At the direction of Paul I, the palace of Elizabeth Petrovna was demolished, and on its foundation in 1787-1801. built the Mikhailovsky Castle. The area adjacent to the castle, fully includes both gardens - Rastrelli and "Swedish". The project of the castle complex provided for the preservation of two figured ponds with a linear planting of trees along their perimeter. In the "Swedish Garden", according to the project, instead of five, four ponds were preserved, which were interconnected by an underground channel extended to the western figured pond. Here we should especially note the design of a unique water system of ponds and canals.

Mikhailovsky Castle was built as an impregnable fortress with drawbridges, surrounded by water. The canals (Voskresensky, Church and Obvodny) surrounding the castle and the main square in front of it with the equestrian statue of Peter I are a grandiose architectural ensemble of the 18th century, which has no analogues in world architecture. The third Summer Garden began to be called the Upper Summer and Mikhailovsky. The layout of the "Swedish" garden and its purpose as an orchard (in the western part) and a walking front garden (in the eastern part) do not change. Unfortunately, the unique ensemble of the Mikhailovsky Castle existed in this form for a very short time. After the assassination of Paul I, the castle ceased to exist as the residence of the imperial family. The royal family leaves the castle, and the park and canals are gradually falling into disrepair. In 1822 the castle was transferred to the Main Engineering School.

In 1819, a new stage in the formation of gardens began. During this period, a significant contribution to the transformation of the gardens was made by the architect K.I. Russia. On the site of the old greenhouses adjoining the Upper Summer Garden from the south, Rossi, commissioned by Alexander I, is carrying out one of the most ambitious projects - the Mikhailovsky Palace complex for Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, the redevelopment of the Mikhailovsky Garden and the improvement of the square in front of the southern facade of the new palace. It was, in fact, the last palace ensemble built within the city. The final project for the redevelopment of the garden near the Mikhailovsky Palace, on which Rossi worked together with the architect A. A. Menelas, was approved by the emperor in April 1822.

In 1823, Emperor Alexander I approved Rossi's plans for redevelopment of the area around the Mikhailovsky Castle. According to the project, the Church Canal is being filled up, the size of the eastern figured pond in the Mikhailovsky Garden is being reduced. Only the Resurrection Canal remains along the southern facade of the castle. But at the same time, Rossi preserves a unique water system (the ponds of the Mikhailovsky Garden - the channels of the Mikhailovsky Castle), supplementing it with the construction of an underground collector that connected a large pond with the Moika River, thereby providing additional water circulation. Around the Mikhailovsky Castle, according to the project of Rossi, a square of two rows of cut trees is planted.

A characteristic feature of the composition of the Mikhailovsky Garden in the Rossi project was the preservation of the layout of its individual sections according to the projects of Leblon and Rastrelli.

C. Rossi created an exemplary "English" garden, in which all the main planning techniques of the landscape style, taken from the English landscape architecture of 1715-1760, are used with great expressiveness. In front of the garden facade of the Mikhailovsky Palace, Rossi placed a vast meadow of irregular oval shape, framed by an alley and inscribed in a regular layout grid.

Another typical technique for planning an "English" garden is the use of ponds with irregularly defined banks. That is why the architect turned the former geometric pools into picturesque ponds of various sizes, the banks of which he gave winding "natural" outlines, and removed the small rectangular ponds in the center of the garden. Another traditional element of the landscape park appeared in the garden - a pavilion with a pier on the banks of the Moika River. Built on the site of the foundation of the first wooden palace of Catherine I, the pavilion was intended for romantic meetings on summer evenings over a cup of tea or playing cards.

On the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden there were many flower beds and beautifully flowering shrubs. The most valuable thing that Rossi retained during the redevelopment is the system of alleys that forms the basis of the composition. Alley plantings were partially preserved and supplemented with picturesque groups of trees. Before the revolution, the garden was a palace garden and was closed to the public. The subsequent history of the Mikhailovsky Garden is tragic, as are the fates of all historical territories.

In 1902, the small eastern pond became shallow and was filled up. At the same time, in connection with the construction of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ according to the project of the architect A. A. Parland and a new garden fence, the western part of the garden was significantly reduced.

In 1922, the garden was renamed the garden of the MOPR (International Organization for Assistance to the Fighters of the Revolution). The former Mikhailovsky Garden under this "poetic" name acquired the status of an ordinary city park. The English meadow was crossed by a transverse path, platforms for a stage and pavilions were built, on which exhibitions were organized in 1924. Later, these playgrounds were replaced with children's playgrounds. In the early 1960s here the construction of a tennis court and a public public toilet was allowed. During this period, all planting of trees and shrubs was carried out chaotically. Growing trees gradually covered the garden facade of the Mikhailovsky Palace and the prospect from the palace to the Field of Mars. Every year the features of the once magnificent historical landscape changed.

Surveys in 2000 showed that the garden was in critical condition. Works on the reconstruction of the Mikhailovsky Garden were carried out in 2001-2007.

The complete reconstruction project is based on the preservation of the English landscape style in the center of the garden, and the regular French layout along the perimeter. He made it possible to recreate one of the best gardens in the central part of St. Petersburg and restored the historical significance of the Mikhailovsky Palace - Mikhailovsky Garden complex.

100 great sights of St. Petersburg Myasnikov senior Alexander Leonidovich

Mikhailovsky Garden

Mikhailovsky Garden

On its alleys, a feeling of something real, authentic is born. And this is no coincidence. This is the only city garden that has retained the style of a genuine imperial garden. And, perhaps, that is why it is in it that the wonderful holiday "Imperial Gardens of Russia" is held annually.

Petersburg gardens and parks appeared immediately after the founding of the city. One of the first was the Summer Garden.

The territory of the modern Mikhailovsky Garden before the foundation of St. Petersburg was part of the Swedish hunting grounds. And then it became part of the Summer Garden. That first, or Big, Summer Garden stretched from the Neva to the current Nevsky Prospekt.

In 1712, Peter I gave part of the land for the construction of the residence of his wife, Empress Catherine. On the site where the Rossi pavilion is now located, a small wooden palace was built, called the Golden Mansions.

Mikhailovsky garden fence

A garden was laid out at the palace, which stretched between the rivers Krivusha (the current Griboedov Canal) and Erik (Fontanka) almost to Bolshaya Prospektiva (Nevsky Prospekt). The garden at the Golden Mansions was called Tsaritsyn, or Her Majesty's Garden. At the same time, the name Third Summer Garden was finally assigned to the garden. For this garden, nightingales and other rare birds were brought from the Moscow, Pskov and Novgorod provinces. Fruit trees and berry bushes were planted here in abundance.

Five rectangular ponds were dug south of the palace. All kinds of fish were bred in them. To the east of the "choir" were cellars with wines and other food supplies.

In 1718, Peter I invited the famous Hanoverian gardener Gaspar Focht to take care of the garden. He worked in the First, Second, and Third Summer Gardens. In addition, he served the Pharmaceutical Garden.

On June 24, 1741, in the Second Summer Garden, on the site where the Mikhailovsky Castle is now located, they began to build summer palace. In 1745, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna settled in the palace. Here, by the way, the future Emperor Pavel I Petrovich was born.

Under Elizabeth Petrovna, the territory of the modern Mikhailovsky Garden was replanned. The garden has received a regular layout. The trees were trimmed into the shapes of geometric figures, sculptures were placed on the alleys, figured ponds were dug, flower beds, flower beds and pavilions were arranged. An imperial bath was built on the banks of the Moika. In the center of the garden there were swings, roundabouts, slides for skiing.

In 1768, the Golden Mansions of Catherine I, at the behest of Catherine II, were dismantled.

In 1817, large-scale work began on the creation of the Mikhailovsky Square ensemble and the construction of the Mikhailovsky Palace. The plan of the architect Karl Ivanovich Rossi included redevelopment of the entire surrounding territory. Including the former Third Summer Garden. Well-known architects, artists, and gardeners were engaged in landscaping the garden in 1822-1825. While maintaining the elements of a regular layout, the garden was given a landscape character. An English meadow was arranged at the northern facade of the palace. And the rectangular ponds fell asleep. On the site of the Golden Chorus, Karl Ivanovich Rossi designed a pavilion-wharf. Now it is the Rossi pavilion.

The altered and replanned garden after the palace built by 1825 received a new name - Mikhailovsky.

By 1830, the Garden Fence was extended along the Mikhailovsky Garden. The garden was fenced off from the street with an artistic fence.

The mistress of the garden, as well as the palace, was the wife of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. The Grand Ducal couple arranged horse rides here, celebrated memorable dates and holidays. The Mikhailovsky Garden among the townspeople received an unofficial name - the garden of Elena Pavlovna.

One of the most memorable events in the garden's history took place on a warm summer day in 1839. A ball was held in the Mikhailovsky Palace in honor of the marriage of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna (daughter of Nicholas I) and the Duke of Leuchtenberg. And the Mikhailovsky Garden truly turned into a Garden of Eden. The newspapers wrote: “All the flowers from the Pavlovsk and Oranienbaum greenhouses were brought to the ball on 200 wagons and 5 barges, which were driven by a special steamer .... Everything in the garden and in the palace was blooming and fragrant, and such an abundance of rare and multicolored plants did not happen to be seen ... Fantastic illumination shone from the garden with a wonderful view of the Field of Mars and the Neva ... "

On March 1, 1881, on the embankment of the Catherine Canal, opposite the Mikhailovsky Garden, members of the Narodnaya Volya terrorist organization mortally wounded Emperor Alexander II. On the same day the emperor died. In memory of this event, the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ, better known as the Savior on Spilled Blood, was built here in 1883–1907.

Between the Mikhailovsky Garden and the Cathedral, an Art Nouveau style fence was designed by the architect Alfred Alexandrovich Parland. The semicircular fence was made in 1903–1907 at the K. Winkler enterprise. It, along with the fence of the Summer Garden, is considered one of the most beautiful in St. Petersburg. After the fence took its place, the policemen who kept order on the streets were charged with the duty of watching that the loitering public did not damage the forged lace. And the caretakers of the garden had to add lubricating oil in time to the bushings of the openwork gates with the imperial monogram, which opened onto the square from the central alley of the Mikhailovsky Garden.

After the transfer of the Mikhailovsky Palace for the needs of the Museum of Emperor Alexander III (Russian Museum) in 1898, the garden became public. True, at the entrance a sign was hung on the gate: "Dogs and soldiers are forbidden to walk."

In 1900, the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden was reduced due to the construction of the building of the Ethnographic Museum.

After the revolution, the Mikhailovsky Garden fell into disrepair.

In 1924, the garden was decided to be restored. They cleaned the pond, repaired the fence on the side of Sadovaya Street, and planted new trees.

In 1929, a wooden sculptural composition by A.P. was installed in front of the Rossi pavilion. Solovyov. The sculptor called it the "Tree of Freedom", the sculpture was a peasant freed from his shackles. In 1939, a sports ground was built in the Mikhailovsky Garden, a stage and a toilet were installed. From west to east, a new path was laid through the garden.

During the war and the siege of Leningrad, the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden became a hiding place for many monuments. They were buried in lawns and alleys. Among them, for example, is the equestrian monument to Alexander III. Many trees were damaged by shells falling here, and craters formed in the garden. But the monuments were not damaged.

Restoration work in the Mikhailovsky Garden was carried out in 1949. In 1959, a bust of the sculptor F.I. Shubin.

In 1999, the Mikhailovsky Garden was transferred to the State Russian Museum. The next reconstruction of the garden was carried out in 2002–2004. He was again given the features that Karl Ivanovich Rossi outlined. Old and diseased trees were cut down and new ones planted.

They removed the "Tree of Freedom" and the bust of Shubin, returned the previously laid paths.

A bust of the architect, as well as busts of the artists K. Bryullov and A. Ivanov, were installed near the Rossi pavilion, on the banks of the Moika.

author Sindalovsky Naum Alexandrovich

author

Mikhailovsky (Engineering) Castle No other building in the city is covered with so many mystical and mythical stories as this castle on the banks of the Fontanka and Moika rivers. Mikhailovsky (Engineering) Castle - the romantic citadel of the "Russian Hamlet" of Emperor Paul I

From the book 100 great sights of St. Petersburg author Myasnikov senior Alexander Leonidovich

Mikhailovsky Palace (Russian Museum) This square, formerly Mikhailovskaya, now Arts, is called the crowning achievement of Karl Ivanovich Rossi. And the true diamond in this crown is the Mikhailovsky Palace. In 1719, on the site where the Mikhailovsky Palace is now located, there was

From the book 100 great sights of St. Petersburg author Myasnikov senior Alexander Leonidovich

Mikhailovsky Garden On its alleys, a feeling of something real, genuine is born. And this is no coincidence. This is the only city garden that has retained the style of a genuine imperial garden. And, probably, that is why it is annually held a wonderful

From the book 100 great sights of St. Petersburg author Myasnikov senior Alexander Leonidovich

Mikhailovsky Theater The Imperial Mikhailovsky Theater entered the history of the Russian state as the third imperial theater. And one of the most interesting theatres. The theater building is an integral part of the ensemble of Mikhailovskaya Square (Arts Square), created by Karl

From the book Legendary streets of St. Petersburg author Erofeev Alexey Dmitrievich

From the book of 100 great castles author Ionina Nadezhda

Mikhailovsky Castle The short stay of the Order of Malta in Russia was accompanied by the transfer to the knights of a number of buildings in St. Petersburg and its environs. The Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist, built by the architect Y. Felten on Kamenny Island, was given to the Johnites: in

From the book Emperor Paul I author Obolensky Gennady Lvovich

Chapter Sixteen To the Mikhailovsky Castle They want to repeat the year 1762. Pavel I The beginning of the new century was solemnly celebrated in both capitals. Gone is the age of the Enlightenment, the age of three revolutions - industrial in England, political in North America, social in France.

From the book Two Petersburg. mystical guide author Popov Alexander

From the book Vladivostok author Khisamutdinov Amir Alexandrovich

From the book Paul I without retouching author Biographies and memoirs Team of authors --

Mikhailovsky Castle From the "Notes" of Nikolai Alexandrovich Sablukov: His Majesty with all his august family left the old palace and moved to Mikhailovsky, built like a fortified castle with drawbridges, ditches, secret stairs, underground

V. Mr. Mikhailovsky on the "disciples"' refusal to inherit In conclusion, let us return again to Mr. Mikhailovsky in considering his statement on the question of interest to us. Mr. Mikhailovsky declares not only that these people (students) "do not want to be in any succession

From the book POLITICAL FIGURES OF RUSSIA (1850s-1920s) author Shub David Natanovich

NIKOLAY MIKHAILOVSKY (1842-1904) Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovsky, an outstanding Russian literary critic, publicist and sociologist, was born in Meshchovsk, Tambov province, into a poor noble family. He studied in the mining corps, which he did not graduate from, 18 years old Mikhailovsky

The Mikhailovsky Garden is perhaps the most famous park in the central part of St. Petersburg, and only the nearby Summer Garden can compete with it in popularity. The history of the Mikhailovsky Garden dates back to the time of Peter the Great, and the most eminent masters of garden and park architecture, Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli and Karl Ivanovich Rossi, took part in its construction.

How to get there

The nearest metro stations to the garden are Nevsky Prospekt and Gostiny Dvor. We recommend getting off at Nevsky Prospekt to stroll along the Griboedov Canal embankment and admire the beautiful Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, built in memory of Emperor Alexander II.

Story

In Swedish times, various agricultural buildings, an estate and hunting grounds were located on the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden. In 1712, the construction of a palace for the wife of Peter I, Catherine, began here. The palace was located on the site of the current Rossi pavilion.

In 1716-1717, Peter I ordered the creation of a plan for three Summer Gardens. The first two were located on the territory of the modern Summer Garden, and the third was located on the site of Catherine's palace. Just part of it was the modern Mikhailovsky Garden.

In 1741, Rastrelli began to build a palace on the site of the modern Engineer's Castle. But already in 1796 Paul I ordered to demolish the palace and build a new one. The architect was Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov, famous for designing the ensemble of the Moscow imperial residence "Tsaritsyno". In 1800, the Mikhailovsky (Engineering) Castle was consecrated.

In 1819, Carl Rossi started the construction of the Mikhailovsky Palace, and the architect also carried out a large-scale redevelopment in the garden. At the same time, a pavilion was built on the banks of the Moika River, now named after the great architect.

In the 20th century, the garden underwent chaotic development and was changed beyond recognition. The territory of the park was reduced in 1902 due to the construction of the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood. Since 1922, the Mikhailovsky Garden has been called the "Garden of the MOPR" (International Organization for Assistance to the Fighters of the Revolution). There were venues for performances and exhibitions, playgrounds and even a tennis court.
In the 2000s, the garden underwent a global renovation and restoration designed by Carlo Rossi in 1826. Now the park belongs to the State Russian Museum.

Not far from the Mikhailovsky Garden are the most famous St. Petersburg attractions - the Summer Garden, the Field of Mars, the Engineering Castle and, of course, the main thoroughfare of the city - Nevsky Prospekt.

In short, in general:

• great place for a relaxing holiday;
• the opportunity to combine sightseeing with visiting other historical places;
• The park is not accessible by bike, but there is a bike rack behind the security booth.

A unique example of early Russian Art Nouveau in St. Petersburg:

Forged fence of the Mikhailovsky Garden near the Church of the Resurrection on Blood (Savior on Blood).

A color photo was taken using a unique technology by the photographer of the last tsar Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky in 1907 immediately after the installation of the fence (the builders had not yet removed the temporary electric line).

it is irretrievably lost.

The wrought iron fence was made in 1903-1907 at the Karl Winkler art and metalwork plant in St. Petersburg.

The author of the fence is not exactly known. This is probably the author of the Savior on Spilled Blood architect Parland. Beautiful cylindrical columns are lined with two-tone glazed bricks. There are stylized lanterns on the columns, like hats.

For 80 years, due to the bad St. Petersburg climate, half of the metal structures were lost, the facing brick cracked.

At the end of the "dashing" 90s, a grandiose restoration was carried out (Sponsor - the tobacco company J. T. International). The history of the restoration was reminiscent of a detective story: the craftsmen conducted scrupulous research, rediscovering the secrets of old technologies...

So, a negative on silver was found in the archives, according to which it was established that the monogram of Alexander III and the imperial crown should be located on the gate (obviously, the monogram and crown were removed in Soviet times for ideological reasons).

On the basis of the same photographic materials, lanterns on pylons and large forged leaves in the center of the forged gates were restored.

Alexander Borzov‎

Alexander, you said everything correctly. My workshop just restored this fence. Stack LLC - Creative workshop of Vyunov Gennady.

As for the design of the fence - indeed, it is not known exactly who painted it.

But the first option was in the sketches. I found it in the archive. It was very simple, not at all like a real one. It was really the Winkler workshop that did the work.

Some of the links are stamped. But the most interesting thing is different. On two restored links there are two personal hallmarks side by side. Remember these surnames - DOBRYANOV, and NIKITIN.

Now you can imagine what kind of masters they were, if Winkler himself allowed them to put them on.

Gennady Vyunov

In winter, a very effective fence

acquires a fantastically unearthly beauty!