Krasnaya Presnya is a modern and well-equipped recreation park located in the Central District of Moscow. The park was laid out at the beginning of the 20th century, but recently it has changed significantly and has been “overgrown” with modern infrastructure. That is why this location is one of the favorite and most picturesque vacation spots in the Central District of Moscow. The park is a good place for a picnic, a relaxing family walk or a bright themed photo shoot.
The area of the park "Krasnaya Presnya" is about 16 hectares.
History of Krasnopresnensky Park
In the 18th century, this territory was part of the country estate of the princes Gagarins. It was at that time that a system of Dutch ponds appeared on the territory of Krasnaya Presnya and landscape design was laid. By the beginning of the 20th century, the territory ceased to belong to the wealthy boyars, and the lands, once well-groomed, fell into disrepair. In 1932, the Krasnaya Presnya park was founded on this site, which is currently a cultural monument of regional significance.
Despite the fact that almost 100 years have passed since the park was founded, the natural ensemble of the park has been preserved almost in its original form - arched bridges, ancient alleys and picturesque ponds, all this remained here, but over time, elements of modern infrastructure appeared in the park.
Infrastructure and green spaces
The park is open daily from 9:00 to 22:00. Entrance to the park "Krasnaya Presnya" is free of charge.
In 2019, Krasnaya Presnya Park is a multifunctional recreation area with a well-developed infrastructure. First, the park contains great amount sports grounds for playing streetball, table tennis, an artificial turf field with a safe surface, as well as a three-level skate park for riding a scooter, skateboard or roller skates. For visitors who are fond of street workout, the park is equipped with sports equipment for exercising with its own weight. In other words, visitors who are fond of sports will definitely find a cozy and functional place in Krasnaya Presnya Park.
Quite often, in the summer, tents and recreation areas with comfortable sunbeds or pouffes are opened in Krasnopresnensky Park. These venues usually host training or other events. Also for these purposes, a stage has been equipped on the territory of Krasnaya Presnya Park - a small stage, a parquet dance floor and an area for an audience with seating.
In the park "Krasnaya Presnya" equipment rental is available. In summer you can rent a bike to move around the park, and in winter you can rent a sled, skates or a cheesecake.
For children, the park is equipped with two playgrounds - large and small. The large playground is one of the largest in Moscow, which is why local children really like it. It is equipped with a mini "city" with slides, swings and a trampoline. According to the organizers, the equipment for the children's play complex was selected taking into account the development of their motor skills, dexterity and strength. It is also reported that all equipment is made of hypoallergenic materials. The coating in the children's complex is designed specifically to reduce injury risk. In addition, the area of the children's town is sufficient to accommodate a large number of children, so there is enough space for everyone.
It is impossible not to mention the landscape design of the park, which has been preserved almost in its original form since its foundation. Firstly, lovers of rare and ancient plants will be interested in visiting the park - centuries-old linden trees with a huge history grow in Krasnaya Presnya. Secondly, due to the “noble origin”, the park has many canals and miniature ponds. Also in the pavilion there is a pavilion with a fountain and a water tower.
In winter, the park does not lose its functionality - two skating rinks are filled in Krasnopresnensky Park, with artificial and natural ice, with an area of 800 and 600 square meters, respectively. Also, during the winter season, a tubing slide operates in the park on a permanent basis.
Events and festivals in the park "Krasnaya Presnya"
Due to the versatility of the park, it often becomes a platform for daily events of various formats. Firstly, the park "Krasnaya Presnya" quite often hosts dance, music, folk and other thematic festivals. As part of these events, Moscow residents can take part in master classes, as well as watch performances by various artists.
Secondly, for residents of the Central District of Moscow, Krasnopresnensky Park often hosts festivities and a festive program in honor of state holidays. As a rule, in this case, a very large audience gathers in Krasnaya Presnya Park.
Also, the administration of Krasnopresnensky Park has developed a plentiful entertainment and educational program for schoolchildren and preschoolers. In addition to the events taking place in the Krasnaya Presnya park, in the summer everyone can visit the city camp "House of the White Rabbit" with a thematic schedule and an entertainment and educational program.
On an ongoing basis, the following list of free events is held in Krasnopresnensky Park:
- qigong,
- kids football,
- running club,
- fitness,
- dance classes of various directions - bachata, salsa, rueda,
- running club.
In addition, on the basis of the Krasnaya Presnya park, films are shown in an open-air summer cinema. The full list of free master classes and their schedule can be found on the official website.
Facilities in the park
According to numerous visitors, the park meets all the necessary conditions for the stay of children, the elderly and the disabled. Firstly, ramps are placed wherever necessary. Some of the machines on the park's sports ground are also adapted for people with physical disabilities. In addition, Krasnopresnensky Park has amenities for mother and child - you can move around with a stroller along all paths and passages, and then “park” it in a convenient place. Secondly, Krasnaya Presnya Park has several dry closets, a children's toilet, and a mother-and-child room.
Tourists speak of the park quite positively, describing it as modern and clean. Many of them note its special functionality and suitability for children - Krasnaya Presnya Park has several playgrounds at once and a special program has been developed for children to stay in the park.
Why visit
Krasnaya Presnya Park in Moscow is a multifunctional place — it is ideal for a family walk, visiting a vibrant festival or taking a photo shoot. Also, Krasnopresnensky Park will appeal to nature lovers, because it is here that you can feel the landscape art of the 17th-19th centuries, admire the numerous canals and ponds.
The location of the park is also advantageous - it is located in the center of Moscow. Firstly, due to its location, it will easily fit into your walking route in the center of the capital. Secondly, in the event that during the walk you want to have a bite, you will certainly find a restaurant or cafe to your taste not far from the park. In addition, the advantages of the Krasnaya Presnya park include its transport accessibility.
How to get there
The address of the Krasnaya Presnya park in Moscow is Mantulinskaya street, 5. There are several ways to get to this point. First, you can use public transport. Getting on the metro, you can get off at the following stations - "Vystavochnaya", "Business Center", "Mezhdunarodnaya", "Krasnopresnenskaya" or "Ulitsa 1905 Goda". You can also use buses - No. 12, 243 and 423. For a more comfortable trip, you can use local taxi services - Uber and Yandex. Taxi.
Park "Krasnaya Presnya" on google-panorama
Krasnaya Presnya Park on video
The old noble estate Studenets is located on the left bank of the Moskva River, in the Presnensky district of the capital, on the territory of the Krasnaya Presnya recreation park. The official address of the estate: Mantulinskaya street, possession 5.
The Studenets estate, founded along the old Zvenigorodskaya road, near the Three Mountains tract, is one of the earliest Moscow estates and is a unique garden and park complex of the Petrovsky time.
Its history dates back to the 14th century. It is believed that the name "Studenets" was born from a cold spring, a stream that flowed through this area and subsequently filled the park's amazingly beautiful artificial canals and ponds with its purest waters. In the XIV century, the village of Vypryazhkovo on Studenets, which was the progenitor of the modern estate, belonged to the Serpukhov prince Vladimir Andreevich Brave, the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, cousin of Dmitry Donskoy and grandson of Ivan Kalita. After the death of the prince, his widow, Princess Elena Olgedovna, in 1431 transferred the property to Metropolitan Photius. The same, in turn, handed it over to the Novinsky Vvedensky Monastery founded in 1430. Here, on the Studenets stream, the patriarch's ponds were built. The monastery owned the land until the first quarter of the 17th century, after which it gradually began to pass into the specific ownership of the Russian tsars and princes and was used for the needs of the palace economy.
At the end of the 17th century, the lands of the village of Vypryazhkovo were granted by Peter I to his closest associate, Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, who set up his country yard on them.
The Gagarins are one of the oldest Russian noble families, which is a branch of the princely family of Starodubsky, the founder of which was Prince Ivan, the youngest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest. A descendant of Prince Ivan in the seventh generation, Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Golibesovsky-Starodubsky, received the worldly nickname "Gagara", which later passed to his ancestors in the form of a transformed surname. From Mikhail Ivanovich Gagara, four branches of the Gagarin princes went, one of which belonged to the owner of the Student, Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, the most colorful character of the Petrine era.
Portrait of Prince Matvey Gagarin. Artist Salvator Tonchi.
The time of Peter the Great is a bright page in Russian history, an era of change and discovery, the formation of new ideas about aesthetics in art. Peter I's fascination with Europe is widely known. In 1697-1698, the young tsar made a long journey through Holland, the most advanced country of that time, the world's first bourgeois republic and the main maritime power, where he observed the lifestyle of the Dutch, studied shipbuilding, working at the shipyard as a simple carpenter, inspected factories, workshops, laboratories, visited theaters, museums, met with engineers, scientists and artists. The king also paid attention to park ensembles, he visited all the famous gardens of the Netherlands, and his travel notes were full of descriptions of European parks.
In Holland, on the orders of Peter, specialists from various fields of activity, including gardeners, were hired to work in Russia. Upon his return to his homeland, the tsar sent Russians abroad to study crafts and sciences, in particular, gardening and landscape art. Books were bought abroad on the improvement of parks, botany, small-form architecture, albums with illustrations and plans of the best palace and park ensembles were purchased, which Peter personally examined and studied during his trip in order to further apply the acquired knowledge in practice. The great reformer strove for the development in Russia of exquisite tastes in horticulture and the introduction of the latest techniques of decorative art. According to historians, Peter had a strong aesthetic sense and was gifted with an extraordinary sense of beauty. Attracting masters from Europe to work in Russia, he invariably opted for the best and most gifted. Peter's favorite garden master was the Dutchman Jan Roosen (Rosen), whom he invited in 1712 to create in St. Petersburg conceived and designed by the tsar summer garden. With the founder of the Moscow hospital, the Dutch doctor Nikolaas (Nikolai Lambertovich) Bidloo, who arranged a garden “at his house” on the Yauza on land allocated by the tsar, Peter personally corresponded, guiding, prompting, advising how to dig canals, ponds, throw bridges and lay alleys to create a real "Dutch garden".
The classic prototype of Dutch gardens throughout the 17th century was Frederik Hendrik's "canal garden", created in 1621. A small garden unfolded on a flat area, has two main axial alleys, intersecting at right angles and dividing it into four parts. Rectangular parterres are accentuated by sheared alleys, water channels are emphatically geometric. The owner's house closes the main compositional axis of the park. It was precisely such gardens - with a strict linear composition, a simple and clear rectangular layout, a system of small decorative reservoirs - that Peter admired in Holland during his trip and subsequently sought to create ensembles in their own image and likeness in his homeland.
Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, the owner of the Studenets estate on the Moskva River, belonged to the inner circle of Peter I. One of the tsar's favorites, he accompanied him on European trips, and upon his return from them actively participated in all his affairs and undertakings. In his younger years, he served as a steward at the Moscow Court, later was a governor in Irkutsk and Nerchinsk, and for some time was an ambassador to China. According to contemporaries, Peter respected Gagarin for many excellent qualities.
After Russia's victory over Sweden and the annexation of new territories, the issue of connecting the country's interior regions with the Baltic and with the new capital under construction became topical. To solve it, Peter planned to turn the river beds with the help of canals into convenient transport arteries. The first such waterway connecting central Russia with St. Petersburg was the Tveretsky Canal in Vyshny Volochek. In 1703, M.P. was appointed head of its construction. Gagarin (that's why the channel was called Gagarinsky for a long time). During the implementation of the project for the construction of the canal, Gagarin proved himself to be a capable engineer who, with the assistance of the Dutch masters involved in the work, was able to skillfully use the hydrotechnical potential of the area. In 1708, immediately after the completion of the construction of the Tveretsky Canal, Peter established a governor's post in Moscow, appointing M.P. Gagarin and instructing him first of all to strengthen the ancient walls of the Kremlin and Kitay-Gorod with new bastions.
Probably, it was during this period that M.P. Gagarin, who became the Moscow governor, arranges a "canal garden" in his estate Studenets in the Dutch manner. After all, his royal patron is sincerely passionate about Holland, he dreams of creating a Russian Amsterdam. Focusing on the tastes of Peter and wanting, probably, to pleasantly impress him, Gagarin hurries to equip a Dutch garden in Studenets. It is quite possible that the creation of the park ensemble was timed to coincide with a very specific event: at the end of 1709, at the behest of Peter I, a grandiose eight-day celebration was scheduled in Moscow on the occasion of the victory of Russian troops near Poltava, and Prince Gagarin was entrusted with organizing the celebration. Naturally, the new governor wanted to arrange a magnificent reception for Peter in his newly built estate.
During the construction of the estate complex M.P. Gagarin benefited from the experience of working on the construction of the Tveretsky Canal, the technical knowledge and skills of Dutch specialists and the strength of Russian builders engaged in digging work turned out to be in place.
The flat nature of the land plot, the abundance of water: the Moskva River, the ponds of the former patriarchal estate that existed for a long time, streams and springs - these natural conditions created an amazing resemblance to the landscapes of Holland and provided an opportunity for the successful implementation of the planned garden project. All natural factors were taken into account and used to create a large-scale and picturesque hydropark, consisting of a whole labyrinth of water channels and islands between them, unfortunately, only partially preserved to this day. For the Russian estate culture of the 17th-18th centuries, it was considered traditional to place palace and park complexes on the banks of rivers or near ponds in order to maximize all the advantages of such an arrangement and develop the water resources of the area for utilitarian and decorative purposes. The Studenets park ensemble was created in the spirit of these traditions - with the active and free role of water in its landscape. But the main difference that distinguishes Studenets from a number of manor ensembles of other eras that preceded or followed Peter's is the amazing strict simplicity, clarity of planning and the vastness of the water surface in the composition. In the project implemented by Gagarin, two elements were effectively combined - water and air. The dry lines of the regular composition of the ensemble are gently diluted with an aerial perspective, in which distant plans disappear, and water and greenery create a picturesque, eye-pleasing picture.
Although the canals of the eastern part of the park disappeared at the end of the 19th century, elements of the park's water system that have survived to this day can be used to recreate the original structure of the Studenets layout. This is a measured regular "Dutch" garden with straight lines of canals, extensive water surfaces and clear axial alleys of short cut trees. However, in the western part of the park, several very old, over 300 years old, oaks have been preserved. As you know, Peter I loved big old trees and ordered to preserve them when forming new park ensembles. The presence of 300-year-old oaks in Studenets, apparently, indicates the desire of the creator of the garden to follow the wishes of the king in this. Perhaps other tree species were also present here, because in addition to oaks, Peter also loved lindens, elms, larches, hornbeams, beeches, chestnuts, and several thousand seedlings of these species were brought from Holland to Russia. The Dutch garden was traditionally decorated with whimsical gazebos and galleries, trellises for climbing plants, grottoes, and sculpture. Flowers were also actively used: the gardens abounded with flower beds, mainly from “scented” flowers.
The fate of the founder of the estate Studenets, a comrade-in-arms of Peter I, Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, was tragic. Luck often spoiled him, accompanied him on the path of career growth, until one day he turned away from him and left him forever. The sovereign highly appreciated the merits and business qualities of Gagarin in the construction of the hydrotechnical complex on Tvertsa and the Moscow governorship, therefore, after the establishment of the provinces in 1708, it was he who was appointed governor of Siberia.
During his leadership of this region, Gagarin did a lot for him: he completed the stone Kremlin in Tobolsk, decorated the Siberian capital with numerous stone buildings, made rich contributions to the Tobolsk Sophia-Assumption Cathedral and other churches, donated funds to the distressed captured Swedes who were in Siberia, strengthened relations between Russia and China. Initially, Prince Gagarin followed the instructions of the sovereign, but later he began to autocratically rule a rich and vast land, not denying himself personally the luxury and pleasures, the fame of which reached the capital. At dinner, the prince served about 50 different dishes on silver and gold dishes; the horseshoes of Gagarin's horses were silver, the wheels of the carriage were also bound with silver; in Moscow, on Tverskaya Street, the prince built for himself chambers, stunning in their magnificence, in which the walls were mirrored, and the ceilings were glass aquariums with live fish; among his wealth was the most precious of all the rubies known at that time, brought to him from China (later he was presented to Prince Menshikov, and from him passed to Catherine I). It seems that the prince thought less and less about the benefits of the state and more and more about his own. There is also an opinion that Gagarin not only abused the financial spending of state funds, but even intended to separate Siberia from Russia and create a separate state under his control.
The ill-wishers did not fail to report to the tsar about Gagarin's actions, and Peter abruptly changed his attitude towards that. The governor, who was officially fined, was put on trial for financial fraud, but many called the rebellion he was plotting the real reason for the disgrace. The Big Investigation Commission, after conducting an investigation and considering the case, accused Gagarin of embezzlement. Trying to save himself, he wrote a letter to Peter, admitting his guilt and asking for mercy. But the tsar did not forgive the excess of power given to him in Siberia and, apparently wanting to put an end to bureaucratic embezzlement once and for all, he ordered the prince to be publicly executed. In 1721, the former Siberian governor was hanged in St. Petersburg as a warning to his contemporaries and descendants. And his body, as a sign of intimidation of corrupt officials, remained for many months hanged on the gallows for all to see. Simultaneously with the execution of the prince, all his property was confiscated, the seized estates were granted to Pashkov, Bruce, Devier, Mamonov, Moscow and suburban courtyards were transferred to Olsufiev. The closest relatives of the executed prince were also punished. His son, Alexei Gagarin, was demoted to the sailors.
During the reign of Anna Ioannovna, Studenets was returned to the grandson of M.P. Gagarin - to Matvey Alekseevich, who again equipped the estate. During the reign of Elizabeth I, "Gagarin's dacha" was a popular place for festivities, where various amusements were held: performances by magicians, tightrope walkers, numerous musicians and singers, fireworks, illumination, etc.
Despite the ups and downs in the fate of the owners of the Studenets estate, throughout the 18th century, the original appearance of the “water” regular park created there did not change significantly. Several plans of the estate of the second half of the 18th century have been preserved in archival materials. At that time, it was listed in the documents as the Gagarins' country house, and in unofficial sources it appeared as "Gagarin's Ponds". The plans of 1763, 1767, 1778 show that a stream flows along the western border of the park, feeding the western half of the canal. A small regular garden is marked in the western corner of the estate. The eastern part of the canals is connected to a pond dug below the spring water well. Written sources also mention “the master's wooden house, in which dug ponds with islands” and “Hay mowing is good. Forestry ".
A fragment of the village of Studenets, the property of Mr. Matvey Alekseevich Gagarin. 1763. A copy of the RGADA drawing.
In the second half of the 18th century, the noble festivities organized at the Gagarin Ponds were widely known in Moscow and enjoyed success with the honorable public. “Moskovskie Vedomosti” dated June 27, 1754 reports: “This week on Tuesday ... in the graveyard on the Three Mountains, there were so many people who are rarely remembered in previous years ... Finally, to the famous Prince Gagarin’s house located there for many carriages in proximity to drive up, and it was hardly possible to disperse along the ponds due to cramped quarters. Moreover, in the local imperial capital there is no noble and rich, beautiful and magnificent, then everything could be seen here. The same publication a year later informed readers that on June 24 "... a great meeting of the people was on the Three Mountains, where on this holiday there is usually an amusement park, and especially on the glorious ponds of Prince Gagarin located in the vicinity of this place."
In 1804, Studenets changed its owner - Count Fyodor Andreevich Tolstoy, a senator, privy councilor, landowner, bibliophile, member of the Society of Russian Literature Lovers, collector of manuscripts and old books, became its new owner. In 1818, the dacha in Studenets passed as a dowry to his daughter Agrafena Feodorovna when she married Arseny Andreyevich Zakrevsky, the Minister of the Interior, and later the Governor-General of Moscow. The new owners of the Zakrevskys live in the dacha for a long time, relax, drink the three-mountain water, go boating, fish and enjoy the views of the beautiful garden.
Portrait of Count A.A. Zakrevsky. Unknown artist. 1810s
Portrait of Countess A.F. Zakrevskaya. Unknown artist. 1810s
A.A. Zakrevsky participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, and when arranging the estate devastated during the hostilities, he decided to give it a special memorial character, to turn the park into a kind of monument to the recent war. By his order, a new wooden house with outbuildings is being built (it has not survived to this day). The park is decorated with monuments, pavilions, grottoes dedicated to the war and its heroes: M.B. Barclay de Tolly, N.M. Kamensky, P.M. Volkonsky, A.P. Yermolov and others. The main symbol of patriotism in the renovated manor complex is the Studenets key, because it was here that Russian soldiers took communion before the battle with the enemy in the fall of 1812. An octagonal Octagon pavilion is being built over the Holy Spring.
Many famous people visited the Zakrevsky family in the renovated estate. It is known that one day Studenets was visited by General A.P. Yermolov, to whom the owners solemnly showed the monument erected in his honor. Perhaps D.V. also visited. Davydov - a famous poet and partisan of the war of 1812 - in any case, he often visited another estate of the Zakrevskys - Ivanovsky near Podolsk.
The wife of A.A. Zakrevsky Agrafena Fedorovna Zakrevskaya, who since girlish times was affectionately called “Grushenka Tolstaya”, was known in the world as a beautiful, brilliantly educated and well-mannered, independent woman with a lively and sharp mind. She was the object of admiration for many. E.A. dedicated poems to her. Baratynsky, admired P.A. Vyazemsky, before her marriage, A.S. was fascinated by her. Pushkin. The latter in his letters to A.I. Vyazemsky called her "copper Venus". She often inspired him, was the muse of his work. A.F. Zakrevskaya appears in one of the chapters of "Eugene Onegin" as "brilliant Nina Voronskaya", "Cleopatra of the Neva". And after his marriage, the poet did not cease to admire the beauty, intelligence and manners of Zakrevskaya, recreating her image in poetry and prose. In the unfinished stories “Egyptian Nights”, “Guests Came to the Cottage”, “We Spent the Evening at the Cottage”, Pushkin again and again refers to the plot of Cleopatra, in whose heroine the same prototype was clearly visible - the “soul of society” and the mistress of the Studenetskaya estate . Whether the great poet visited Studenets is not exactly known. But he had a close acquaintance with A.A. Zakrevsky, repeatedly turned to him, was familiar and kept in touch with many members of the family, so he could well visit the student's dacha in the late 1820s, when he lived in Moscow for a long time.
The first half of the 19th century is the period of a new bright heyday of the Studenets estate. Many art historians attribute the merit of creating a new main house and other buildings in the park to the famous architect Domenico Gilardi (although some call the authors V.P. Stasov and A.G. Grigoriev). The drawings of the buildings are close in their execution technique to the style of Gilardi, and some strongly resemble his other buildings, however, accurate evidence of the work of D.I. Gilardi on the project of the updated Student is not present at the moment. Two monuments of that era have survived to our time - the Octagon Pavilion and the Monument-Column in the park, which was restored in the 1960s, and previously had a completion in the form of a winged figure with a sword. During the reconstruction of the Zakrevsky estate in the park, a landscape layout appeared between the columns with picturesque paths and paths among asymmetrically placed monuments and pavilions; channels were cleared and filled with clean running water; The islands are connected by wooden footbridges. The Dutch motifs of the time of Peter the Great, which were previously traced in the construction and design of the park complex, were replaced by Italian ones. Contemporaries enthusiastically called the Zakrevsky's dacha "absolute Venice with Gardens." In general, A.A. Zakrevsky did not seek to change the foundations laid down in the composition of the park during construction at the beginning of the 18th century, the park retained the features of the original image, but under Zakrevsky its design was updated, and the idea of \u200b\u200bthis renovation acquired a memorial character, introducing additional semantic meaning to individual architectural elements of the ensemble and making the park is a kind of monument to the heroes of the war of 1812.
General plan of the estate Studenets. 1830s - 1840s. A copy of the RGADA drawing. Schubert's plan of Moscow.
Main manor building with outbuildings. RGIA. 1830s
Main manor house with outbuildings.
Pavilion Octagon. RGIA. 1830s
Pavilion in the garden. RGIA.
Arbor in the garden. Monument on the grave of the horse A.A. Zakrevsky, so-called. "Tomb of Zakrevsky's horse".
The Studenets estate in the 19th century enjoyed no less interest from the public than when it was owned by the Gagarins. On holidays, the Zakrevskys' dacha was open to the public, various events were held on its territory, and performances were given. So, for example, on August 19, 1828, a balloon was launched in Studenets, but in which “aeronaut Mrs. Ilyinskaya fearlessly rose quite high under a huge balloon on a fragile boat, lit several rockets at her zenith and landed very happily on a meadow near the dacha. There were a lot of curious people."
Student. General view of the estate. Painting by an unknown artist. 1820s
Student. View in the park. Painting by an unknown artist. 1820s
Around 1834, after the resignation of A.A. Zakrevsky from the post of Minister of Internal Affairs, Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov, the richest nobleman, owner of the Ural iron-smelting plants, a well-known philanthropist and philanthropist, acquired Studenets for 400 thousand rubles. The new owner, however, did not use the estate for personal purposes, but as another of his acts of charity, for which he was very famous, he presented it at the beginning of 1834 to the state to establish a public institution, adding another 15 thousand rubles to the gift for repairs main house. The wife of Emperor Nicholas I, Alexandra Feodorovna, ranked Studenets among the charitable institutions of the Office of Empress Maria Feodorovna, and in 1835 allowed the Society of Gardeners to open a gardening school in the estate "in order to train experienced gardeners."
Portrait of Pavel Nikolaevich Demidov. Artist P.P. Vedenetsky.
The school of horticulture set up extensive flower nurseries and greenhouses on the estate, in which plants were grown for sale. Studenetsky standard roses more than a sazhen high were very famous, collections of dahlias repeatedly received first prizes at exhibitions. Seedlings of various species of trees and shrubs were grown on the islands of the park. Grapes and peaches ripened successfully in greenhouses, and there were 60 varieties of pears and 15 plums in the garden. Pupils of the school were taught the theoretical and practical foundations of gardening, were engaged in the acclimatization of plants.
During the period when the school of gardening was located in Studenets, visitors also constantly gathered in the manor. In the summer, every Sunday, festivities, musical evenings, performances, dinners were organized here, boating and boat rides along the canals of the garden, fireworks and other spectacular spectacles were organized.
Studenets was still famous for its springs and springs. Studenetskaya water, in which there were no organic impurities, was highly valued in Moscow: it was used to prepare artificial mineral waters, were taken to the imperial court when he was in the capital, and to the houses of the nobility and wealthy merchants, "used" in the production at the nearby Trekhgorny brewery.
In the new period, the estate continued to be reconstructed, some restructuring took place in it, which was not of a global nature. Art critic E.I. Kirichenko gives information about the participation in construction work in Studenets in the second half of the 19th century by the architect M.D. Bykovsky. The archives of CIAM contain interesting plans for the northern part of the park dating back to 1908, which show a very peculiar landscape structure and layout of a small garden in the Art Nouveau style, and the assortment list of the garden is rich in various ornamental plants.
Manor Studenets on the topographical plan of Moscow in 1838.
Studenets estate on the Khotevsky plan of Moscow in 1852.
Manor Studenets on the plan of the capital city of Moscow in 1878.
The School of Horticulture of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria Feodorovna existed in Studenets until the 1917 revolution. After the estate was nationalized, and in troubled times, the park complex had a hard time. The cultural heritage of tsarism suffered seriously as part of the ideological struggle of the new Soviet system with the traditional order. The canal park, which turned out to be in the center of the district of revolutionary workers, was no exception. Disorders, misuse and mismanagement did not have the best effect on its appearance and condition. In 1931, the park was transferred to the Trekhgornaya Manufactory, and in 1932 it was decided to create the Krasnaya Presnya Park of Culture and Leisure on its basis. It would seem that this could save the park from destruction. But the desire of the new government to change everything in its own way exceeded the limits of reason. Transformations began: part of the ponds were covered up, the banks of the canals were dressed in concrete, which adversely affected the state of the waters, many old picturesque bridges were destroyed, and new ones were built, not distinguished by sophistication and harmony of style, most of the monuments in memory of the heroes of the war of 1812 disappeared forever. Of the memorial objects of the park, only the Tuscan column on the island has survived to this day, however, the winged figure that once adorned it has been lost. The old manor house was actually destroyed in the first half of the 20th century, by the 60s only the foundation and one outbuilding remained from it. The beautiful Empire gates that formed the entrance to the park were dismantled. In 1955, on the site of the demolished buildings of the horticultural school, the Krasnaya Presnya cinema building was built.
Manor Studenets on the plan of Moscow in 1952.
In 1975, the preserved pavilion-water tower Oktagon was moved 22 meters to the side due to the construction of high-rise buildings of the World Trade Center and lost its original meaning of arranging the spring key of the Holy Spring, and the key itself was removed into an underground collector overlooking the Moscow River. On the territory of the former estate, some outbuildings and sports facilities were also erected, breaking into the park and violating its original structure and layout.
Movement of the Octagon pavilion. Copy of E.M. Handel. 1975
Nowadays, the former country cottage continues its life in the urban environment, being almost in the very center of the noisy metropolis. In 1960, the central part of the park (about 18 hectares) was declared a monument of history and culture of federal significance and taken under state protection. True, in 2011 the status of a protected object was lowered to regional significance. Since the 1990s, attempts have been made to partially restore the estate complex.
Gate pylon restoration project. Mosproekt-2, Workshop-13. 1993
Based on archival photographs of the 1930s in 1998 by restorers N.F. Zhurina and A.S. The entrance gates of the park were recreated by the Queen. The memorial traditions of the estate were supported by Afghan soldiers who planted an alley of horse chestnut in the park. The choice of tree species was not accidental: it is known that horse chestnut grew in Studenets before, it was planted on one of the islands between the canals by A.A. Zakrevsky on the third anniversary of the birth of his daughter Lydia (in 1829). Since 2010, work began on the restoration of the main house of the estate with outbuildings. In the near future, they should be completed, and Muscovites, I want to believe, will finally have the opportunity to see the recreated historical appearance of the magnificent estate in the past.
Restoration project of the main manor house with outbuildings in the Studenets estate. Front view. 2006-2008 years.
Restoration project of the main manor house with outbuildings in the Studenets estate. Isometric view. 2006-2008 years.
Restoration project of the main manor house with outbuildings in the Studenets estate. Additional types. 2006-2008 years.
Summing up and looking back at the historical past of the Studenets estate, it is worth noting that Peter I's passion for the example of progressive Holland and his active work to promote the ideas he noted abroad in landscape art laid such strong foundations and traditions in this area that in the future Russia gave world culture truly magnificent examples of park landscapes that can compete with their European prototypes. And the “canal garden” of M.P. Gagarin in the Studenets estate is one of the earliest such specimens and is completely unique for Moscow and Russia.
Pavilion Octagon. Photo by Evgeny Chesnokov / yamoskva.com
Tuscan column. Photo by Evgeny Chesnokov / yamoskva.com
Walking along the well-groomed paths of the park, I suddenly caught myself thinking: there is something else very pleasant and comfortable in the atmosphere. It was quiet, unobtrusive music pouring from the speakers. She was echoed by the numerous voices of the birds living in the park. It was very strange, but harmonious. All this set up for relaxation, rest and solitude.
Carefully preserved nature and picturesque views of the park contribute to this lyrical mood. In autumn, the old linden alley is well preserved, along which, oddly enough, champignons grow under the canopy of trees.
Having crossed to the island along the oval bridge, I ended up in a real recreation area. There are also free comfortable sun loungers and ottomans. People sunbathe right in the center of the city. The beauty!
Moms with strollers, children running barefoot on the soft grass - what could be better for those who do not have the opportunity to go out of town in the summer?! Right there, nearby, on the island, there is a huge white tent, where, probably, you can hide from the unexpected rain. But at that moment there was some kind of seminar or training of the design school. Nobody interfered with anyone: some sunbathed, others nursed children, others were trained.
By the way, for children in the park they made a wonderful playground with a special coating, various swings and a trampoline. The kids don't want to go home.
Nearby is a small stage. Obviously, interesting performances and holidays take place here. Yes, they still play films for free right in the open air. There is a poster at the entrance.
Sports activities in the park
Pleasantly surprised by the rental of sports equipment. What is there just not - bicycles, roller skates, velomobiles, electric cars for children. The prices are quite reasonable.
I also noticed a playground for basketball and mini-football. But the most interesting thing is a skate park for fans of extreme sports. Teenagers here make different tricks on roller skates, bicycles and skateboards. An exciting action.
Five times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday) at 10.00 everyone can practice ancient Chinese breathing exercises with instructors. Entrance is completely free.
History of the park
The small park "Krasnaya Presnya", located on 16.5 hectares right in the center of Moscow, is rightfully considered unique in the capital. This is due to the only picturesque "Dutch" ponds in Moscow, which have been preserved on the site of the old manor of the 18th century "Studenets".
The estate belonged to the princes Gagarin. M.A. Gagarin laid out a garden in this place in the so-called "Dutch style", suggesting the presence of artificial ponds. The very name of the estate comes from the Studenets stream that once flowed here, which was famous for its pure springs. Residents of the area have always come here for the beautiful water, which was considered healing.
Subsequently, in the 20s of the 19th century, the estate passed into the hands of the Moscow Governor-General A.A. Zakrevsky, who built a beautiful house here and arranged the park together with the architect G. Gilardi. Now the estate is being restored, but they say that this has nothing to do with a real historical reconstruction. It is expected that there will be a regular remake.
In addition, the would-be restorers a few years ago, while carrying out work, broke the vein of the key that supplied the ponds with water. They began to dry up. At the moment they are somehow filled with water, but in some places it blooms very strongly. Obviously, the water-biological balance was disturbed.
In 1932, a recreation park for Muscovites was created on the site of the estate. Part of the ponds were filled up, but new bridges in the Empire style were thrown over.
The cast-iron front gates of the park, recreated by architects in 1998 from photographs of the 30s of the 20th century, are very interesting in appearance.
At the entrance to the park, you are immediately greeted by Lenin, whose monument was erected here in 1976. He looks very sad and dilapidated. He sits, thinks, writes something in his copper notebook...
Since it was time for a lunch break, the few alleys of the park were filled with "white collars", or in other words - "office plankton", who "floated" here to breathe fresh Moscow air, forgetting about all their business affairs. In general, the park is, as it were, in the arms of the business life of Moscow - it is surrounded by the World Trade Center and the Expocentre. Yes, and Moscow City is very close.
Come to the park to feel in solitude and tranquility, to relax and unwind.
Some more photos of the park:
How to get there:
The park is located at the address - Mantulinskaya street, house 5. How to get there: you can walk from the metro as follows:
- from the metro station "Vystavochnaya" - 751 m;
- from the metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda" - 1288 m;
- from the metro station "Mezhdunarodnaya" - 1331 m.
The water from Studenets had such healing power that the owners of the estate built a well from which all the suffering could quench their thirst. But in 1721, Gagarin was accused of bribery and embezzlement and hanged. The estate "Studenets" was confiscated, but then returned to his son. Under him, the country estate "Gagarin Ponds" appeared here.
Then the estate changed hands many times, and in the 19th century the new owner Arseniy Zakrevsky, Moscow governor-general and hero of 1812, reconstructed the park according to the project of Domenico Gilardi and rebuilt the main house.
Monuments were erected in the park in honor of the war of 1812, several islands were poured on the ponds, and a one-story wooden house with a mezzanine was supplemented with a kind of observation deck on the roof. The contemporaries called the new estate "absolute Venice in the gardens", and Trekhgornoe became its official name.
The count hospitably opened the doors for everyone, and all the other suburban avenues were abandoned and deserted. The new owner has beautifully decorated his dacha. From the big gate to the main house, above the river itself, there was a straight, wide and long avenue for carriages, with two narrow side avenues for pedestrians. On both sides of these alleys there were three quadrangular cliffs of equal size, separated from each other by newly dug ditches, then still with clean running water, and connected by wooden bridges. Each of these islands was dedicated to the memory of one of the heroes under whose command Zakrevsky was: Kamensky, Barclay, Volkonsky and others. On each in the middle of the trees there was either a temple, or a monument to the named commanders ...
Then the estate passed to the Demidovs, and after 3 years the new owner donated the estate on Krasnaya Presnya to the state to organize a gardening school.
In Soviet times, sculptures, the manor house and gardens disappeared. A network of ponds and canals has been preserved, a monument to the war of 1812 in the form of a Tuscan column designed by V.P. Stasov and a gazebo moved to another place over a well with spring water. In 1932, the park "Krasnaya Presnya" appeared, and in 2010 the restoration of the estate began.
They say that......in the 19th century, the authorities wanted to make a map of all the healing springs, but no one undertook it. The cemetery digger Proshka volunteered. He heard that somewhere in the "Three Mountains" tract, "Tsar-Water" is hidden underground. The pagans offered sacrifices to her. The source was saturated with blood, and therefore it took many years for the water to be purified. And to the one who finds it and releases it to the ground, they promised to reveal the secret of all healing springs.
Proshka was looking for the entrance to the dungeon for a long time and found it! But I just couldn't find a way out. On the ninth day, the daredevils went in search, but returned empty-handed. And on the fortieth day after the disappearance of Proshka, Zakrevsky ordered to fill up the manhole in the dungeon.
In the capital, it was once an old noble estate. This place was called "Studenets". It originally belonged to the Gagarins. However, the estate was glorified by its later owner - Arseniy Zakrevsky. Being a hero of the war of 1812, during the reign of Nicholas I, he became the governor-general of the capital.
Story
Established in 1932 on the site of the estate and the neighboring garden of the Studenetsky horticultural school, the Krasnaya Presnya park has a very interesting history. In the estate "Studenets" special orders for that time always dominated. This landowner took special care of his serfs.
Zakrevsky turned his estate, in which he settled after leaving the service, into a unique memorial complex in Moscow, and in Russia as well, telling about the victory of Russia. To do this, he invited the architect Gilardi to the estate.
Thanks to joint efforts in Studenets, on the site of which Krasnaya Presnya Park is located today, the only complex of Dutch ponds and artificial islands. Each of them bore the name of Zakrevsky's military commanders and was decorated with their bronze busts.
Historical heritage
The capital is famous for many places where people go to relax. But this monument of architecture and history is one of the oldest. Every resident of the capital or a guest has the opportunity, by entering the park "Krasnaya Presnya" in Moscow and walking along its alleys, to admire its canals with bridges. They are called a masterpiece of landscape architecture of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, "the absolute Venice in the gardens." At one time, Pushkin, Baratynsky walked here,
Park today
History breathes in every corner here. The park "Krasnaya Presnya" (every metropolitan resident knows how to get to it) has an area of sixteen and a half hectares. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, on the banks of the small river Studenets, which, according to legend, has healing powers, was still located the majestic palace of the princely family of Gagarins. But today, very little of this historical splendor remains. Busts of war heroes were destroyed during the revolution. And later, the socialist regime also destroyed the system of reservoirs for which the Gagarin Ponds were so famous, around which the Krasnaya Presnya park sprawled.
How to get there - information for tourists
This place for recreation and entertainment is located at: Mantulinskaya street, 5. Indigenous people who often come to the Krasnaya Presnya park know very well how to get to it. But tourists can take the metro and then go on foot. The nearest station to the park is the Vystavochnaya station - just seven hundred meters away. From the stations "Ulitsa 1905 Goda" and "Mezhdunarodnaya" twenty minutes walk.
Krasnaya Presnya Park, the photo of which is evidence that everyone will find entertainment to their liking here, is open to everyone from nine in the morning until ten in the evening. Each visitor will be able to discover something special and interesting.
Those who come here to relax should definitely go to the Tuscan Column, which was erected in honor of the victory in the Patriotic War of the twelfth year. It came to us from the estate "Studenets" and is made of white stone. The column is decorated with scabbards and wreaths, and once it was crowned with a winged figure holding a sword in its hand, but it disappeared over time.
Other masterpieces of antiquity have survived to this day, for example, "Octagon" - an octagonal fountain - a water pump, created by Gilardi and survived the Soviet era.
In recent years, Krasnaya Presnya Park has acquired various fashionable innovations: workout grounds, a skate park. According to the memoirs of old-timers, although it used to be considered a picturesque place, in the Soviet years it was quite "wild". Today, it offers entertainment for every taste: from bike rental to an open library. Entrance to the park is free.
On summer days, children with their parents and the elderly come here. In the evenings, you can meet young people - companies and couples in love, who have chosen benches and secluded corners for themselves, which are so abundant in the Krasnaya Presnya park.
Events
The former estate "Studenets" today is replete with entertainment, most of which is provided free of charge. It hosts activities such as qigong and fitness classes and competitions. The management of the park pleases guests and residents of the capital with a variety of posters of events. Every weekend there are dances and programs for children, chess tournaments, author's evenings, festivals and animation programs, markets. Celebrations in honor of Victory Day are always held here, etc.
For the little ones
For parents, this is a great playground. Krasnaya Presnya is equipped with such a popular skatepark among teenagers, made in an unconventional format for our country. The bends or skate plazas of this site completely repeat the natural landscape, and numerous obstacles are made as an imitation of the street.
In the park, you can rent bicycles, which have become especially popular with Muscovites this season. Their rental point is located directly next to the skatepark. In addition, here you can drive velomobiles and electric cars, many ride ATVs and roller skates. The rental price ranges from fifty to four hundred rubles, depending on the vehicle and time.
reading room
Another innovation that was added to the park "Krasnaya Presnya" this year is an open-air reading room. It works on the bookcrossing system, which is very common in the world today. The principle is as follows: the one who has read the book passes it on to another. Such a system has already been introduced in the capital's parks - this is the "Books in parks" project. Literature can be picked up in a special stall. And although it is possible to enjoy literature in the fresh air only in clear, cloudless weather, since this is hardly possible on a rainy day, nevertheless, there are always a lot of people who want to.
It is not easy to find this open reading room in the park, rugged by canals intersecting with "humped" bridges. You just need to focus on the wooden houses located on the central alley, as well as on the sun loungers that are visible from afar and are set here especially for those who like to read.
Summer cinema
In the best traditions, the park "Krasnaya Presnya" also has its own summer cinema. For this purpose, a stage is equipped here. And numerous spectators are located for viewing directly on the wooden floor or on ottomans and chairs. An excellent view also opens from the benches placed on the sides. Movie screenings are free. The schedule of the summer cinema can be found on the official website of the park, as well as at the entrance, where a huge stand hangs. In their free time from big film screenings, creative meetings or performances of musicians, actors and directors are held on the variety stage.
Lecture hall
"Krasnaya Presnya" was also chosen by the International School of Design for its summer lectures and classes, located under a tent on a small island in the very center of the park. Everyone who comes here at twelve o'clock can attend seminars of school teachers on a variety of topics, including graphic and
Food
Many visitors admit that the situation in the park today is not very good with this issue. The only existing restaurant at the main entrance was closed for renovation. Therefore, you can have a bite to eat at the Vienna Sausages kiosk, where, having spent about two hundred rubles, you can eat well. Nearby there is also a vending machine with food and drinks - with chocolates, soda, juices and coffee. And next to the stage there is a tent selling coffee to go, various snacks and homemade lemonade.
